Abstract
United States (U.S.) national parks utilize various forms of media to deter the visitors from feeding wildlife. Understanding communication strategies used within these media is important for evaluating message efficacy yet remains understudied. In this study, we examined the presence and frequency of rational, emotional (i.e., responsibility, fear, guilt, shame, humor, pride, anger, kinship), and normative (subjective, descriptive, prescriptive, personal, and proscriptive norms) appeals, along with the framing of feeding consequences (e.g., wildlife or visitor health and safety) and behavior (i.e., preventative versus promotion) through a content analysis of materials used to communicate with visitors (
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