Elements to Successful Interpretation: A Multiple Case Study of Five National Parks

Abstract

The multiple case study described further investigates and identifies elements associated with successful interpretive programs through assessing what is perceived as important elements by interpreters in five U. S. National Park units. Data sources included semi-structured interviews with interpretive personnel, analysis of documentation related to interpretive programs in the units, and participant observation of interpretive programs conducted at each site. Four themes surfaced from this data: (a) an interpretive program must relate to the visitor, (b) it must attempt to achieve its goals through innovative techniques, (c) attain basic program needs and, (d) promote community outreach. One discrepancy found, based on the researchers’ analysis of program observations, was no attempt at receiving responses from the program participants. This “one-way” form of communication differs from the profession's interest in connecting with the visitor. One recommendation from this study is to explore constructivist learning strategies that could help bring about “two-way” communication between the interpreter and visitor.