Amouroux, I., D. Pesando, H. Noel, and J.-P. Girard. 1999. Mechanisms of cy-totoxicity by cosmetic ingredients in sea urchin eggs. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.36:28–37.
2.
Andersen, K. E., A. Boman, K. Hamann, and J. E. Wahlberg. 1984. Guinea pig maximization test with formaldehyde releasers. Results from two laboratories. Contact Dermatitis10:257–266.
3.
Becker, D., U. Kuhn, U. Lempertz, A. Enk, J. Saloga, and J. Knop. 1997. Flow-cytometric screening for the modulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis in human dendritic cells: Implications for the development of an in vitro technique for predictive testing of contact sensitizers. J. Immunol. Methods.203:171–180.
4.
Broeckx, W., A. Bondeel, A. Dooms-Goossens, et al. 1987. Cosmetic intolerance. Contact Dermatitis16:189–194.
5.
Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association (CTFA). 2001. Ingredient use data—Imidazolidinyl Urea. Unpublished data submitted by CTFA.2
6.
de Groot, A. C., D. P. Bruynzeel, B. A. Jagtaman, et al. 1988. Contact allergy to diazolidinyl Urea (Germall II). Contact Dermatitis18:202–205.
7.
de Groot, A. C., and J. W. Weyland. 1987. Hidden contact allergy to formaldehyde in imidazolidinyl urea. Contact Dermatitis17:124–125.
8.
de Groot, A. C., J. W. Weyland, J. D. Bos, et al. 1986. Contact allergy to preservatives I. Contact Dermatitis14:120–122.
9.
Dickel, H., S. S. Taylor, P. Evey, et al.2001. Comparison of patch test results with a standard series among white and black racial groups. Am. J. Contact Dermatitis12:77–82.
10.
Dooms-Goossens, A., K. de Boulle, M. Dooms, et al. 1986. Imidazolidinyl urea dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis14:322–324.
11.
Elder, R. E., ed. 1980. Final report on the safety assessment for imidazolidinyl urea. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol.4:5–17.
12.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA).2001. 2001 frequency of use of cosmetic ingredients. FDA database.Washington, DC: FDA.
13.
Ford, G. P., and M. H. Beck. 1986. Reactions to quaternium 15, bronopol and germall 115 in a standard series. Contact Dermatitis14:271–274.
14.
Foussereau, J., and C. Cavelier. 1989. Water versus petrolatum for testing imidazolidinyl urea. Contact Dermatitis21:54–55.
15.
Frosch, P. J., A. Lahti, M. Hannuksela, et al.1995. Chloromethylisothiazolone/methylisothiazolone(CMI/MI) use test with a shampoo on patch-test-positive subjects. Results of a multicentre double-blind crossover trial. Contact Dermatitis32:210–217.
16.
Goossens, A., H. H. Beck, E. Haneke, et al.1999. Adverse cutaneous reactions to cosmetic allergens. Contact Dermatitis40:112–113.
17.
Guin, J. D.1997. Contact dermatitis and other contact reactions. In Current clinical practice: Allergic diseases: Diagnosis and treatment, ed. P. Lieberman and J. Anderson, 233–254. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press.
18.
Hectorne, K. J., and A. F. Fransway. 1994. Diazolidinyl urea: Incidence of sensitivity, patterns of cross-reactivity. Contact Dermatitis30:16–19.
19.
Jacobs, M. C., R. R. White, J. J. Rycroft, et al.1995. Patch testing with preservatives at St. John's from 1982 to 1993. Contact Dermatitis33:247–254.
20.
Marks, J. G.1990. Cosmetics. Occupational skin disease, 2nd ed, ed. R. M. Adams, 326–348. Philadelphia: W B. Saunders.
21.
Marks, J. G. Jr., D. V. Belsito, V. A. DeLeo, et al. 1995. North American Contact Dermatitis Group standard tray patch test results (1992 to 1994). Am. J. Contact Dermatitis6:160–165.
22.
Marks, J. G. Jr., D. V. Belsito, V. A. DeLeo, et al. 1998. North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch test results for the detection of delayed-type hypersensitivity to topical allergens. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.38:911–918.
23.
Marks, J. G. Jr., D. V. Belsito, V. A. DeLeo, et al. 2000. North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch-test results. Arch. Dermatol.136:272–273.
24.
Marzulli, F., and H. C. Maguire, Jr. 1983. Validation of guinea pig tests for skin hypersensitivity. In Dermatotoxicology, 2nd ed, ed. F. N. Marzulli and H. I. Maibach, 237–250. Washington, DC: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation.
25.
O'Brien, T. J. 1987. Imidazolidinyl Urea (germall 115) causing cosmetic dermatitis. Aust. J. Dermatol.28:36–37.
26.
Pepe, R. C., A. A. Wenninger, and G. N. McEwen, Jr., eds. 2002. International cosmetic ingredient dictionary and handbook, 9th ed.Washington, DC: CTFA.
27.
Perrenoud, D., A. Bircher, T. Hunziker, et al.1994. Frequency of sensitization to 13 common preservatives in Switzerland. Contact Dermatitis30:276–279.
28.
Rivalland, P., K. Vie, L. Coiffard, and Y. De Roeck-Holtzhauer. 1994. Cytotoxicity tests of antibacterial agents on human fibroblast cultures. Pharm Acta Helv.69:159–162.
29.
Schnuch, A., J. Geier, W. Uter, et al.1998. Patch testing with preservatives, antimicrobials and industrial biocides. Results from a multicentre study. Br. J. Dermatol.138:467–476.
30.
Sherertz, E. F., and P. W. Ayers. 1999. Physician, heed thy self. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.40:112–114.
31.
Stephens, T. J., D. D. Drake, and R. D. Drotman. 1987. Experimental delayed contact sensitization to diazolidinyl Urea (Germall II) in guinea pigs. Contact Dermatitis16:164–168.
32.
Tosti, A., S. Restani, and M. Lanzarini. 1990. Contact sensitization to diazolidinyl Urea report of 3 cases. Contact Dermatitis22:127–128.
33.
van Neer, P., and A. van der Kley. 1991. Imidazolidinyl Urea (Germall 115) should be patch tested in water. Contact Dermatitis24:302.
34.
Ziegler, V., B. Ziegler, and D. Kipping. 1988. Dose-response sensitization experiments with imidazolidinyl urea. Contact Dermatitis19:236–237.
