There is no viable alternative to the control of AIDS besides prevention; factors contributing to relapse from behaviors presumed to reduce risk of that disease were investigated. The authors studied 524 homosexual men who had refrained from or used condoms during receptive or insertive anal sex (RAS and IAS, respectively) for at least 12 months, contacting them at 6-month intervals thereafter to ascertain current practices. They determined, via interviews, personal traits, appraised stress of maintaining safer sex, mental health, life events, and efforts to cope with potential infection. Negative life events, personal control beliefs, problem-solving abilities, and coping via problem-focused (e.g., seeking a monogamous union) rather than emotion-focused (e.g., "when I need a cure, they will have one") behaviors were associated with RAS, but less so with LAS safer sex behaviors. These findings provide a basis for individual and community-level interventions to change behavior and reduce AIDS risk.
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