Can We Resolve the Disconnect Between How Communication Interventions Work and How We Evaluate Them?

Anderson C. Holody K. J. (2014). Stimulating dialogue: Measuring success of the “Smoke Free Horry” campaign. International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 34, 331-349.

Bal D. G. (1998). Designing an effective statewide tobacco control program-California. Cancer, 83(12 Suppl.), 2717-2721.

Bennett J. (2014, October 3). In Colorado, a rebranding of Pot Inc. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://nyti.ms/Z30hFP

David C. Cappella J. N. Fishbein M. (2006). The social diffusion of influence among adolescents: Group interaction in a chat room environment about antidrug advertisements. Communication Theory, 16, 118-140.

Dorfman L. Wallack L. (1993). Advertising health: The case for counter-ads. Public Health Reports, 108, 716-726.

Fishbein M. Yzer M. C. (2003). Using theory to design effective health behavior interventions. Communication Theory, 13, 164-183.

Gerbner G. (1967). An institutional approach to mass communications research. In Thayer L. (Ed.), Communication: Theory and research (pp. 429-445). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.

Golden S. D. Earp J. A. L. (2012). Social ecological approaches to individuals and their contexts: Twenty years of Health Education & Behavior health promotion interventions. Health Education & Behavior, 39, 364-372.

Grana R. Ling P. M. (2014). “Smoking revolution”: A content analysis of electronic cigarette retail websites. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 46, 395-403.

Gutschoven K. Van den Bulck J. (2005). Television viewing and age at smoking initiation: Does a relationship exist between higher levels of television viewing and earlier onset of smoking? Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 7, 381-385.

Head R. Murray J. Sarrassat S. Snell W. Meda N. Ouedraogo M. . . . Cousens S. (2015). Can mass media interventions reduce child mortality? Lancet, 386(9988), 97-100.

Hornik R. C. (2002). Public health communication: Making sense of contradictory evidence. In Hornik R. C. (Ed.), Public health communication: Evidence for behavior change (pp. 1-19). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Hornik R. C. Lerman C. (2013). UPENN TCORS: Tobacco product messaging in a complex communication environment. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania.

Hornik R. C. Yanovitzky I. (2003). Using theory to design evaluations of communication campaigns: The case of the National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign. Communication Theory, 13, 204-224.

Hwang Y. (2012). Social diffusion of campaign effects: Campaign-generated interpersonal communication as a mediator of antitobacco campaign effects. Communication Research, 39, 120-141.

Jamal A. Homa D. M. O’Connor E. Babb S. D. Caraballo R. S. Singh T. . . . King B. A. (2015). Current cigarette smoking among adults—United States, 2005-2014. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 64, 1233-1240.

Katz E. Lazarsfeld P. F. (1955). Personal influence: The part played by people in the flow of mass communications. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.

Lapinski M. K. Rimal R. N. (2005). An explication of social norms. Communication Theory, 15, 127-147.

Leventhal A. M. Strong D. R. Kirkpatrick M. G. Unger J. B. Sussman S. Riggs N. R. . . . Audrain-McGovern J. (2015). Association of electronic cigarette use with initiation of combustible tobacco product smoking in early adolescence. Journal of the American Medical Association, 314, 700-707.

Livingood W. C. Allegrante J. P. Green L. W. (2016). Culture change from tobacco accommodation to intolerance: Time to connect the dots. Health Education & Behavior, 43, 133-138.

Mercer S. L. DeVinney B. J. Fine L. J. Green L. W. Dougherty D. (2007). Study designs for effectiveness and translation research: Identifying trade-offs. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 33, 139-154.

Pons-Vigués M. Diez È. Morrison J. Salas-Nicás S. Hoffmann R. Burstrom B. . . . Borrell C. (2014). Social and health policies or interventions to tackle health inequalities in European cities: A scoping review. BMC Public Health, 14, 198.

Potter W. J. (2014). A critical analysis of cultivation theory. Journal of Communication, 64, 1015-1036.

Rice R. E. Atkin C. K. (2012). Public communication campaigns. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Rimal R. N. Real K. (2003). Understanding the influence of perceived norms on behaviors. Communication Theory, 13, 184-203.

Sanson-Fisher R. W. Bonevski B. Green L. W. D’Este C. (2007). Limitations of the randomized controlled trial in evaluating population-based health interventions. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 33, 155-161.

Stevens C. (1998). Designing an effective counteradvertising campaign—California. Cancer, 83(12 Suppl.), 2736-2741.

van den Putte B. Yzer M. Southwell B. G. de Bruijn G.-J. Willemsen M. C. (2011). Interpersonal communication as an indirect pathway for the effect of antismoking media content on smoking cessation. Journal of Health Communication, 16, 470-485.

Wechsler H. Nelson T. E. Lee J. E. Seibring M. Lewis C. Keeling R. P. (2003). Perception and reality: A national evaluation of social norms marketing interventions to reduce college students’ heavy alcohol use. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 64, 484-494.

Yang F. Salmon C. T. Pang J. S. Cheng W. J. (2015). Media exposure and smoking intention in adolescents: A moderated mediation analysis from a cultivation perspective. Journal of Health Psychology, 20, 188-197.

Yanovitzky I. Stryker J. (2001). Mass media, social norms, and health promotion efforts: A longitudinal study of media effects on youth binge drinking. Communication Research, 28, 208-239.