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Abstract

Since the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001, the subject of terrorism has finally receivedthe attention it deserves. In particular, the advancement in information technology, which has markedly increased the interconnectedness and interdependencies of our critical infrastructures, has made them vulnerable to terrorist attacks. Risk of attacks to critical cyber-physical infrastructures andto the organizational-societal infrastructures that enable and sustain democratic societies cannot be addressed on an ad hoc basis. To appreciate the needandimportance of a holistic risk assessment and management process for addressing terrorism, it is constructive to characterize it in three categories, which frequently overlap: (a) risk to critical cyber-physical infrastructures; (b) risk to organizational-societal infrastructures; and(c) risk to human lives andto individual property, liberty, and freedom.

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Risk of Terrorism to Cyber-Physical and Organizational-Societal Infrastructures

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