Although internal marketing (IM) has been related to motivation in theory, very few studies have in fact studied this influence in practice. Therefore, this research aims to verify whether the existence of IM practices does influence the motivation of nurses as well as their practices in conjunction with whether IM practices diverge in accordance with whether the organization runs a public management or an innovative management model. To that end, a descriptive and correlational study in which 234 nurses participated from both corporate public entities (EPE) hospitals (public management model) and continuous care units (innovative management model) was undertaken. The results demonstrate that IM practices do influence nurse motivation levels. The results also show that some differences exist in IM practices between health care units with public management versus innovative management.
PletcherG. The Employee-Patient-Profit Chain in a Traditional For-Profit Hospital: A Longitudinal Case Study [PhD thesis]. Minneapolis, MN: Capella University; 2000.
3.
ChangCSChangHC. Perceptions of internal marketing and organizational commitment by nurses. J Adv Nurs. 2009;65:92-100.
4.
FlipoJ. Service firms: interdependence of external and internal marketing strategies. Eur J Mark. 1986;20(8):5-14.
5.
GummessonE. Using internal marketing to develop a new culture—the case of Ericsson quality. J Bus Ind Mark. 1987;2(3):23-28.
6.
AhmedPKRafiqM. The role of internal marketing in the implementation of marketing strategies. J Mark. 1995;1(4):32-51.
7.
Broady-PrestonJSteelL. Employees, customers and internal marketing strategies in LIS. Libr Manage. 2002;23:384-393.
8.
CaruanaACalleyaP. The effect of internal marketing on organisational commitment among retail bank managers. Inter J Bank Mark. 1998;16:108-116.
9.
AhmedPKRafiqM. Internal marketing issues and challenges. Eur J Mark. 2003;37:1177-1186.
10.
DavisT. Integrating internal marketing with participative management. Manage Decis. 2001;39:121-130.
11.
AhmedPKRafiqM. International Marketing—Tools and Concepts for Customer Focused Management. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2002.
12.
PeltierJNillASchibrowskyJ. Internal marketing, nurse loyalty and relationship marketing. Health Mark Q. 2004;20(4):63-82.
13.
BallantyneDChristopherMPayneA. Improving the quality of services marketing: service (re) design is the critical link. J Mark Manage. 1995;11(7):7-24.
14.
HelmanDPayneA. Internal marketing: myth versus reality. Working Paper 5/92, Cranfield School of Management, Cranfield Institute of Technology, Bedford, UK. 1992.
15.
GounarisS. Antecedents of internal marketing practice: some preliminary empirical evidence. Int J Serv Ind Manage. 2008a;19:400-434.
16.
GounarisS. The notion of internal market orientation and employee job satisfaction: some preliminary evidence. J Serv Mark. 2008b;22(1):68-90.
17.
BallantyneD. A relationship-mediated theory of internal marketing. Eur J Mark. 2003;37:1242-1259.
18.
FrostFAKumarM. INTSERVQUAL: an internal adaptation of the GAP model in a large service organization. J Serv Mark. 2000;14:358-377.
19.
HeskettJLJonesTOLovemanGWSasserWESchlesingerLA. Putting the service-profit chain to work. Harvard Bus Rev. 1994;72(March/April):164-174.
20.
EwingMTCaruanaA. The marketing and human resources an internal marketing approach to public sector management. Int J Public Sector Manage. 1999;12(1):17-26.
21.
AhmedPKRafiqMSaadNM. Internal marketing and the mediating role of organisational competencies. Eur J Mark. 2003;37:1221-1124.
22.
PanigyrakisGGTheodoridisPK. Internal marketing impact on business performance in a retail context. Int J Retail Distrib Manage. 2009;37:600-628.
23.
VareyRLewisB. Internal Marketing: Directions for Management. London, England: Routledge; 1999.
24.
ChangCChangHH. Effects of internal marketing on nurse job satisfaction and organizational commitment: example of medical centers in southern Taiwan. J Nurs Res. 2007;15:265-274.
25.
TortosaVMolinerMSánchezJSaJ. Internal market orientation and its influence on organisational performance. Eur J Mark. 2009;43:1435-1456.
26.
IliopoulosEPriporasCV. The effect of internal marketing on job satisfaction in health services: a pilot study in public hospitals in Northern Greece. BMC Health Serv Res. 2011;11(1):261-269.
27.
GrönroosC. Internal marketing an integral part of marketing theory. In: DonnellyJHGeorgeWE, eds. Marketing of Services, American Marketing Association Proceedings Series. Chicago, IL: American Marketing Association; 1981:236-238.
28.
LindonDLendrevieJDionisioPRodriguesJ. Mercator XXI: Teoria e prática do Marketing. 10th ed.Lisbon, Portugal: Don Quixote; 2004.
29.
SchwepkerCJr.GoodDJ. Marketing control and sales force customer orientation. J Personal Selling Sales Manage. 2004;24(3):167-179.
30.
LovelockC. Classifying services to gain strategic marketing insights. J Mark.1983;47(3):9-20.
31.
RafiMAhmedPK. Advances in the internal marketing concept: definition, synthesis and extension. J Serv Mark. 2000;14:449-462.
32.
BerryLL. The employee as customer. J Retail Bank. 1981;3(March):25-28.
33.
GeorgeWR. Internal marketing and organizational behaviour: a partnership in developing customer-conscious employees at every level. J Bus Res. 1990;20:63-70.
34.
NaudePDesaiJMurphyJ. Identifying the determinants of internal marketing orientation. Eur J Marketing. 2003;37:1205-1278.
35.
LingsI. Internal market orientation construct and consequences. J Bus Res. 2004;57:405-413.
36.
LingsIGreenleyG. The development and validation of a measure of internal market orientation. Aston Business School Research Papers, Aston Business School, Birmingham, UK. 2001.
ConduitJMavondoFT. How critical is internal customer orientation to market orientation. J Bus Res. 2001;51(11):11-24.
39.
VareyR. A model of internal marketing for building and sustaining a competitive service advantage. J Mark Manage. 1995;11(1/3):41-54.
40.
ChiavenatoI. Comportamento Organizacional: A Dinâmica do Sucesso das Organizações [Organizational behavior: The dynamic for organizations success]. São Paulo, Brazil: Pioneira Thomson Learning; 2004.
41.
FerreiraJMCNevesJCaetanoA. Manual de Psicossociologia das Organizações [Organizations psychosociology handbook]. London, England: McGraw-Hill; 2002.
42.
KnippenbergDV. Work motivation and performance: a social identity perspective. Appl Psychol. 2000;49:357-371.
43.
SimsDFinemanSGabrielY. Organizing and Organizations: An Introduction. London, England: SAGE; 1993.
LuthansF. Organizational Behaviour. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin; 2002.
46.
SteersRMMowdayRTShapiroDL. Introduction to special topic forum: the future of work motivation theory. Acad Manage Rev. 2004;3(9):379-387.
47.
MarquesCA. Impacto da gestão das pessoas no management [People management impact on management]. Comportamento Organizacional e Gestão. 1995;1:11-21.
48.
TansuhajPWongJMcCulloughJ. Internal and external marketing: effects on consumer satisfaction in banks in Thailand. Int J Bank Mark. 2007;5(3):73-83.
49.
JouJChouCFuF. Development of an Instrument to measure internal marketing concept management. J Appl Manage Entrepren. 2008;13(3):66-79.
50.
Decree Law 97/98, April18.
51.
Decree Law 233/2005, December29.
52.
Human Resources National Observatory. 2012. http://www.onrh.org. Accessed April 20, 2013.
53.
FerreiraADiogoCFerreiraMValenteAC. Construção e validação de uma Escala Multi-Factorial de Motivação no Trabalho (Multi-Moti) [Design and validation of a multifactorial job motivation scale (Multi-Moti)]. Comportamento Organizacional e Gestão. 2006;12(2):187-198.
54.
HairJFAndersonRETathamRLBlackW. Multivariate Data Analysis. 6th ed.New York, NY: Macmillan; 2006.
55.
MarocoJ. Análise Estatística com utilização do SPSS [Statistical analyses using SPSS]. 3rd ed.Lisbon, Portugal: Edições Sílabo; 2007.
56.
Rede Nacional de Cuidados Continuados Integrados. Política e estratégia da qualidade, cuidados continuados saúde e apoio social [Politics and quality strategy. Health continuous care and social support]. 2009. http://www.umcci.min-saude.pt/SiteCollectionDocuments/Guia_RNCCI.pdf. Accessed October 26, 2013.
