Natural fermentation is a method of extracting anticoagulant compounds from red algae Schizymenia dubyi. Preliminary screening was carried out on the basis of the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), and thrombin time (TT) assays. The optimal fermentation time period for the highest APTT, PT, and TT values was found to be 8 weeks. Purification of the fermented sample by DEAE-anion exchange chromatography followed by Sepharose-4B chromatography resulted in a single polysaccharide, which was reconfirmed by a single spot on agarose gel electrophoresis. The purified sample had >1000s APTT activity at 130 μg/mL. The molecular weight estimated by polyaccrylamide gel electrophoresis was >500,000 Da. This is the first report indicating the presence of the anticoagulant compound in S. dubyi.
Battcock M. and Azam-Ali S. (1998). Fermented Fruits and Vegetables: A Global Perspective . FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin No. 134. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
2.
Chaplin M.F. (1994). Monosachcharides. In: Chaplin M.F. and Kennedy J.F. (eds), Carbohydrate Analysis. Oxford: Information Press Ltd., pp. 1—40.
3.
Ekanayake P.M., Park G.T., Lee Y.D., Kim S.J., Jeong S.C. and Lee J.H. (2005). Antioxidant potential of eel (Anguilla japonica and Conger myriaster) flesh and skin. Journal of Food Lipids12: 34—47.
4.
Errea M.I. and Matulewicz M.C. (2003). Unusual structures in the polysaccharides from the red seaweed Pterocladiella capillacea (Gelidiaceae, Gelidiales). Carbohydrate Research338: 943—953.
5.
Farias W.R., Valente A.P., Pereira M.S. and Mourao P.A. (2000). Structure and anticoagulant activity of sulfated galactans. Isolation of a unique sulfated galactan from the red algae Botryocladia occidentalis and comparison of its anticoagulant action with that of sulfated galactans from invertebrates. Journal of Biological Chemistry275: 29299—29307.
6.
Farndale R.W., Buttle D.J. and Barret A.J. (1986). Improved quantitation and discrimination of sulfated glycosaminoglycans by use of dimethylmethylene blue. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta883: 173—177.
7.
Kolender A.A. and Matulewicz C.M. (2002). Sulfated polysaccharides from the red seaweed Georgiella confluens. Carbohydrate Research337: 57—68.
8.
Marinho-Soriano E. and Bourret E. (2005). Polysaccharides from the red seaweed Gracilaria dura (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta). Bioresources Technology96: 379—382.
9.
Matsubara K., Matsuura Y., Bacic A., Liao M., Hori K. and Miyazawa K. (2001). Anticoagulant properties of a sulfated galactan preparation from a marine green alga, Codium cylindricum. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules28: 395—399.
10.
McLellan D.S. and Jurd K.M. (1992). Anticoagulants from marine algae. Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis3: 69—77.
11.
Nader H.B., Pinhal M.A., Bau E.C., Castro R.A., Medeiros G.F., Chavante S.F., Leite E.L., Trindade E.S., Shinjo S.K., Rocha H.A., Tersariol I.L., Mendes A. and Dietrich C.P. (2001). Development of new heparin-like compounds and other antithrombotic drugs and their interaction with vascular endothelial cells. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research34: 699—709.
12.
Sen A.K., Das A.K., Banerji N., Siddhanta A.K., Mody K.H., Ramavat B.K., Chauhan V.D., Vedasiromoni J.R. and Ganguly D.K. (1994). A new sulfated polysaccaride with potent blood anti-coagulant activity from the red seaweed Grateloupia indica. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules16: 279—280.
13.
Shanmugam M. and Mody K.H. (2000). Heparinoid-active sulfated polysaccharides from marine algae as potential blood anticoagulant agents. Current Science9: 1672—1683.
14.
Siriwardhana N., Jeon Y., Kim S.H., Ha J.H., Heo S.J. and Lee K.W. (2004). Enzymatic hydrolysis of effective extraction of antioxidant compounds from Hizikia fusiformis. Algae19: 59—68.
15.
Seaweeds of the British Isles. http://www.weedseen.co.uk/index.asp . Accessed 10 October 2007.
16.
Uchida M. and Murata M. (2004). Isolation of a lactic acid bacterium and yeast consortium from a fermented material of Ulva spp. (Chloropyta). Journal of Applied Microbiology97: 1297—1310.
17.
Yang J.Y., Du Y., Huang R., Wan Y. and Li T. (2002). Chemical modification, characterization and structure-anticoagulant activity relationships of Chinese lacquer polysaccharides. International journal Biological Macromolecules31: 55—62.
