Mineral absorption of diets containing natural carob fiber compared to cellulose,pectin and various combinations of these fibers Absorción de minerales de dietas que contienen fibra natural de algarrobas comparada con celulosa,pectina y varias combinaciones de estas fibras

Abstract

The influence of the consumption of natural carob fiber (NCF), an insoluble hypocholesterolemic fiber, as the unique dietary fiber or combined with cellulose (CEL) or pectin (PEC), on mineral bioavailability was studied. Six groups of rats were fed for 10 days diets containing 10% CEL, NCF, PEC or CEL+NCF, CEL+PEC and NCF+PEC mixtures at 50%. Food intake was lower with PEC than NCF and CEL+NCF, but final body weight was unaffected. Fecal weight showed significant differ ences in the following order: CEL, NCF, CEL+NCF > CEL+PEC, NCF+PEC > PEC. Percentage of calcium absorption was higher with CEL+PEC and NCF+PEC compared with the rest of fibers. Mag nesium absorption was also significantly enhanced in these two groups compared to NCF (p < 0.0004). Iron absorption did not show variations. Zinc apparent absorption was reduced by PEC, but the NCF+PEC mixture counterbalanced this effect. Liver iron was significantly lower with NCF+PEC than CEL, and liver iron concentration was significantly lower with NCF+PEC compared to CEL+PEC. Liver zinc was significantly higher with CEL+NCF than PEC while liver zinc concentrations were slightly higher with the former (p = 0.05 compared to NCF). The results indicate that NCF, compared to CEL and PEC, did not decrease the efficiency of calcium, magnesium and iron absorption in rats, while compared to PEC it increased zinc apparent absorption. Moreover, by combining NCF with PEC calcium and magnesium, absorptions enhanced in comparison with NCF alone, which was prob ably a result of the combination of soluble and insoluble fibers.

Keywords

natural carob fiber pectin cellulose minerals trace elements absorption bioavailability

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Blaney S. , Zee J.A. , Mongeau R. and Marin J. (1996). Combined effects of various types of dietry fiber and protein on in vitro calcium availability. Journal of the Agricultural and Food Chemistry 44: 3587-3590.

Bmdp. (1992). BMDP Statistical Software. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Bravo L. (1998). Polyphenols: chemistry, dietary sources, metabolism, and nutritional significance. Nutrition Reviews 56: 317-333.

Bravo L. , Mañas E. and Saura-Calixto F. (1993). Dietary non-extractable condensed tannins and pectin as indigestible compounds: effects on fecal weight, and protein and fat excretion. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 63: 63-68.

Brune M. , Rossander L. and Hallberg L. (1989). Iron absorption and phenolic compounds: importance of different phenolic structures. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 43: 547-558.

Castiglia-Delavaud C. , Verdier E. , Besle J.M. , Vernet J. , Boirie Y. , Beaufrere B. , De Baynast R. and Vermorel M. (1998). Net energy values of non-starch polysaccharides isolates (sugarbeet fiber and commercial inulin) and their impact on nutrient digestive utilization in healthy human subjects. British Journal of Nutrition 80: 343-352.

Chang M.C. , Bailey J.W. and Vollins J.L. (1994). Dietary tannins from cowpeas and tea transiently alter apparent calcium absorption but not absorption and utilization of protein in rats. Journal of Nutrition 124: 283-288.

Cook J.D. , Reddy M.B. and Hurrell R.F. (1995). The effect of red and white wines on nonheme iron absorption in humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 61: 800-804.

Coudray C. , Bellager J. , Castiglia-Delevaud C. , Rémesy C. , Vermorel M. and Rayssignuier Y. (1997). Effect of soluble or partly soluble dietary fibers supplementation on absorption and balance of calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc in healthy young men. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 51: 375-380.

10.

Fernandez R. and Phillips S.F. (1989). Components of fiber impair iron absorption in the dog. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 35: 107.

11.

Fields M. and Lewis C.G. (1998). Hepatic iron (Fe) retention in copper (Cu)-deficient rats is a potent risk factor for hypercholesterolemia. Metal Ions in Biology and Medicine 5: 493-497.

12.

Fields M. and Lewis C.G. (1999). Effect of hepatic iron on hypercholesterolemia and hypertriacyl glycerolemia in copper-deficient fructose-fed rats. Nutrition 14: 366-371.

13.

García-Cuevas M. (1996). Influencia de distintas proporciones de fibra soluble, insoluble y de polifenoles de algarrobas (FNA), sobre algunos aspectos de la utilización nutritiva de la dieta y la lipemia en ratas. Doctoral Thesis, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.

14.

García-López J.S. , Erdman J.W. and Sherman A.R. (1990). Iron retention by rats from casein-legume test meals: effect of tannin level and previous diet. Journal of Nutrition 120: 760-766.

15.

Haack V.S. , Chesters J.G. , Vollendorf N.W. , Story J.A. and Marlett J.A. (1998). Increasing amounts of dietary fiber provided by foods normalizes physiologic response of the large bowel without altering calcium balance or fecal steroid excretion. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 68: 615-622.

16.

Heaney R.P. and Weaver C.M. (1995). Effect of psyllium on absorption of co-ingested calcium. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 43: 261-263.

17.

Hurrell R.F. , Reddy M. and Cook J.D. (1999). Inhibition of nonhaem iron absorption in man by polyphenolic-containing beverages. British Journal of Nutrition 81: 289-295.

18.

Jansman A.J.M. , Houdijk J.G.M. and Verstegen M.W.A. (1993). Effects of condensed tannins in faba beans (Vicia faba) on the availability of minerals in pigs. Bioavailability '93. Nutritional, Chemical and Food Processing Implications of Nutrients Availability 1: 48-52.

19.

Kim M. ( 1998). Highly esterified pectin with low molecular weight enhances intestinal solubility and absorption of ferric iron in rats. Nutrition Research 18: 1981- 1994.

20.

Leeds A.R. and Hussain K. (1998). A review of the effects of dietary fiber and their potential benefits for health. International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition 49: S5-S8.

21.

McNabb W.C. , Peters J.S. , Foo L.Y. , Waghorn G.C. and Jackson F.S. (1998). Effect of condensed tannins prepared from several forages on the in vitro precipitation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) protein and its digestion by trypsin (EC 2.4.21.4) and chymotrypsin (EC2.4.21.1). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 77: 201-212.

22.

Moundras C. , Bher S.R. , Demigne C. , Mazur A. and Remesy C. (1994). Fermentable polysaccharides that enhance fecal bile acid excretion lower cholesterol and apolipoprotein E-rich HDL in rats . Journal of Nutrition 124: 2179-2188.

23.

Muñoz L. , Keen C.L. , Lönnerdal B. and Dewey K.G. (1986). Coffee intake during pregnancy and lactation in rats: maternal and pup hematological parameters and liver iron, zinc and copper concentration. Journal of Nutrition 116: 1326-1333.

24.

Pérez-Olleros L. , García-Cuevas M. , Ruiz-Roso B. and Requejo M. (1999). Comparative study of natural carob fiber and psyllium husk in rats. Influence on some aspects of nutritional utilisa tion and lipidaemia . Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 79: 173-178.

25.

Radhakrishnan M.R. and Sivaprasad J. (1980). Tannin content of sorghum varieties and their role in iron bioavailabillity. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 28: 55-57.

26.

Reiser S. (1987). Metabolic effects of dietary pectins related to human health. Food Technology 41: 91-99.

27.

Requejo A. , Ruiz-Roso B. and Sanjuan C. (1994). Natural Carob Fiber and n procedure for its production . European Patent 0616780 A2.

28.

Requejo A. , Ruiz-Roso B. and Sanjuan C. (1999). Natural Carob Fiber and method of using same. United States Patent. Patent number 5,856,313, appl. No. 604,367.

29.

Ruiz-Roso B. , Pérez-Olleros L. and García-Cuevas M. (1999). Efecto de la fibra natural de algarrobas (FNA) y otras fibras dietéticas sobre la digestibilidad de grasa y nitrógeno en ratas. Nutrición Hospitalaria 24: 159-163.

30.

Siegenberg D. , Baynes R.D. , Bothwell T.H. , Macfarlane B.J. , Lamparelli R.D. , Car N.G. , MacPhail P. , Schmidt U. , Tal A. and Mayet F. (1991). Ascorbic acid prevents the dose-dependent inhibitory effects of polyphenols and phytates on nonheme-iron absorption. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53: 537-541.

31.

Spencer H. , Norris C. , Derler J. and Osis D. (1991). Effect of oat bran muffins on calcium absorption and calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and zinc balance in men. Journal of Nutrition 121: 1976- 1983.

32.

Titgemeyer E.C. , Bourquin L.D. , Fahey G.C. and Garleb K.A. (1991). Fermentability of various fiber sources by human fecal bacteria in vitro. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53: 1418-1424.

33.

Tiwary C.M. , Ward J.A. and Jackson B.A. (1997). Effect of pectin on saciety in healthy US Army adults. Journal of the American College Nutrition 16: 423-428.

34.

Torre M. , Rodríguez R. and Saura-Calixto F. (1991). Effects of dietary fiber and phytic acid on mineral availability. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 117: 1-22.

35.

Vaquero M.P. , Van Dokkum W. , Bos K.D. , Wolters M.G.E. , Schaafsma G. and Luten J.B. (1992). In vitro availability of calcium, magnesium, iron, copper and zinc from white or brown bread separately or in combination with other foods. Revista Española de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos 32: 47-58.

36.

Vaquero M.P. , Veldhuizen M. , Van Dokkum W. , Van Den Hamer C.J.A. and Schaafsma G. (1994). Copper bioavailability from breakfasts containing tea. Influence of the addition of milk. Journal Science and Food Agricultural 64: 475-481.

37.

Watkins D.W. , Jahangeer S. , Floor M.K. and Alabaster O. (1992). Magnesium and calcium absorption in Fisher-344 rats influenced by changes in dietary fiber (wheat bran), fat and calcium . Magnesium Research 5: 15-21.

38.

Younes H. , Levrat M.A. , Demigné C. and Rémésy C. (1993). Relationship between fermentations and calcium in the cecum of rats fed digestible or resistant starch. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 37: 311-319.