In vitro interactions between calcium,zinc,copper and iron in milk- and soy-based infant formulas / Interacciones in vitro entre calcio,cinc,cobre e hierro en formulas de base láctea y de soja para lactantes
Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online February, 2000
In vitro interactions between calcium,zinc,copper and iron in milk- and soy-based infant formulas / Interacciones in vitro entre calcio,cinc,cobre e hierro en formulas de base láctea y de soja para lactantes
Interactions among calcium, zinc, copper and iron in milk- and soy-based infant formulas were as sessed in order to evaluate the influence of supplementation with one trace element on the bioavailability of the others. The criterion used to estimate the bioavailability is the percentage of dialysis, estimated by applying an in vitro method. Infant formulas were supplemented with CaCl2, ZnO, CuCO3 Cu(OH) 22H2O and FeSO4 7H2O at two levels (maximum (+) and minimum (-) allowed by the European Union). A factorial design at two levels with three factors (Zn, Cu and Fe addition) was carried out. The main effects and the second-order interactions of the studied factors on the bioavailability of a given element were estimated. The results obtained for milk-based formulas clearly indicated the negative influence of iron at the high addition level (+) on the dialysis percentage of calcium, and of zinc at the high addition level (+) on its own dialysis percentage, whereas in the same type of formulas, the addition of zinc had a positive effect on the copper dialysis percentage. In soy- based formulas a negative effect of added copper (+) on its own dialysis percentage was observed. The most important second order interaction found to be significant was the negative effect of (zinc x iron) on copper dialysis in milk-based formulas.
Box G.E.P., Hunter W.G. and Hunter J.S. (1978). Statistics for Experimenters. An Introduction to Design, Data Analysis, and Model BuildingNew York : John Wiley & Sons., Inc.
2.
Castillo-Durán C., Fisberg M., Valenzuela A., Egana J.I. and Uauy R. (1983). Controlled trial of copper supplementation during the recovery from marasmusThe American Journal of Clinical Nutrition37: 898-903.
3.
Cook J.D., Dassenko S.A. and Whittaker P. (1991). Calcium supplementation: effect on iron absorptionThe American Journal of Clinical Nutrition53: 106-111.
4.
Davidsson L., Galan P., Kastenmayer P., Cherouvrier F., Juillerat M.A., Hercberg S. and Hurrell R.F. (1994). Iron bioavailability studied in infants: The influence of phytic acid and ascorbic acid in infant formulas based on soy isolatePediatric Resenrch36: 816-822.
5.
Deehr M.S., Dallal G.E., Smith K.T., Taulbee J.D. and Dawson-Hughes B. (1990). Effects of different calcium sources on iron absorption in postmenopausal womenThe American Journal of Clinical Nutrition51: 95-99.
6.
Eec (1991). Commission Directive 91/321/EEC of 14 May 1991 on infant formulae and follow-on formulae. No. L175, 4/7/1991, 35-49.
7.
Fomon S.J. (1995). Cinc, cobre y manganeso In: Fomon S.J. (ed.), Nutricion del Lactante. Madrid: Mosby/Doyma Libros S.A. pp. 258-277.
8.
Garcia R., Alegria A., Barberá R., Farré R. and Lagarda M.J. (1998). Dialyzability of iron, zinc, and copper of different types of infant formulas marketed in SpainBiological Trace Element Research65: 7-17.
9.
Hallberg L., Rossander-Hulthen L., Brune M. and Gleerup A. (1992). Inhibition of haem-iron absorption in man by calciumBritislt Journal of Nutrition69: 533-540.
10.
Haschke F. and Male C. (1996) Trace elements in children and adolescents In: Ballabriga A. (ed.), Feeding from Toddlers to Adolescence . Nestlé Nutrition Workshop series, Vol. 37. Philadelphia : Lippincott-Raven Publishers. pp 45-62.
11.
Haschke F., Ziegler E.E., Edwards B.B. and Fomon S.J. (1986). Effect of iron fortification of infant formula on trace mineral absorptionJournal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition5: 768-773.
12.
Hill C.H. and Matrone G. (1970). Chemical parameters in the study of in vivo and in vitro interactions of transition elementsFederal Proceedings29: 1474-1481.
13.
Hurley L.S., Keen C.L. and Lönnerdal B. (1983). Aspects of trace element interactions during developmentFederal Proceedings42: 1735-1739.
14.
Hurrell R.F., Juillerat M.A., Reddy M.B., Lynch S.R., Dassenki S.A. and Cook J.D. (1992) Soy protein, phytate, and iron absorption in humansThe American Journal of Clinical Nutrition56: 573-578.
15.
Koops J., Klomp H. and Elgersma R.H. (1979). Spectrophotometric determination of iron in milk and milk products with batophenantrolineNetherland Milk Dairy Journal33: 112-133.
16.
L'Abbe M.R. and Fischer P.W.F. (1984). The effects of high dietary zinc and copper deficiency on the activity of copper-requiring metalloenzymes in the growing ratJournal of Nutrition114 : 813-822.
17.
Lönnerdal B. (1989). Dietary factors affecting trace element absorption in infantsActa Paediatrica Scandinavica [Suppl ] 351: 109-113.
18.
Lönnerdal B. (1991). Concentrations, compartmentation and bioavailability of trace elements in human milk and infant formula In: Chandra R.K. (ed.), Trace Elements in Nutrition of Children—II. Nestlé Nutrition Workshop Series, Vol. 23. New York: Raven Press Ltd. pp. 153-171.
19.
Lönnerdal B. (1994). Nutritional aspects of soy formulaActa Paediatrica (suppl) 402: 105-108.
20.
Lönnerdal B., Keen C.L., Ohtake M. and Tamura T. (1983). Iron, zinc, copper and manganese in infant formulasAmerican Journal of Diseases of Children137: 433-437.
21.
Lönnerdal B., Yuen M. and Huang S. (1994). Calcium, iron, zinc, copper and manganese bioavailability from infant formulas and weaning diets assessed in rat pupsNutrition Research14: 1535-1548.
22.
Luten J., Crews H., Flynn A., Van Dael P., Kastenmayer P., Hurrell R., Deelstra H., Shen L., Fairweather-Tait S., Hickson K., Farré R., Schlemmer U. and Frohlich W. (1996). Interlaboratory trial on the determination of the in vitro iron dialysability from foodJournal of the Science of Food and Agriculture72 : 415-424.
23.
Miller D.D., Schricker B.R., Rasmussen B.S. and Van Campen D. (1981). An in vitro method for estimation of iron availability from mealsThe American Journal of Clinical Nutrition34: 2248-2256.
24.
O'Dell B.L. (1985). Bioavailability of and interactions among trace elements In: Chandra R.K. (ed.), Nutrition of Children.New York: Raven Press. pp 41-62.
25.
O'Dell B.L. (1989). Mineral interactions relevant to nutrient requirementsJournal of Nutrition119: 1832-1838.
26.
Pallarés Y., Lisbona F., López-Aliaga Y., Barrionuevo M., Alférez M.J.M. and Campos M.S. (1993). Effects of iron deficiency on the digestive utilization of iron, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium in ratsBritish Journal of Nutrition70: 609-620.
27.
Roig M.J., Alegría A., Barberá R., Farré R. and Lagrada M.J. (1999). Calcium dialysability as an estimation of bioavailability in human milk, cow milk and infant formulasFood Chemistry64: 403-409.
28.
Rojas L.X., McDowell L.R., Cousins R.J., Martin F.G., Wilkinson N.S., Johnson A.B. and Velasquez J.B. (1996). Interaction of different organic and inorganic zinc and copper sources fed to ratsJournal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology10: 139-144.
29.
Roth-Bassell H.A. and Clydesdale F.M. (1991). The influence of zinc, magnesium, and iron on calcium uptake in brush border membrane vesiclesJournal of American College of Nutrition10 : 44-49.
30.
Rudloff S. and Lönnerdal B. (1992). Calcium and zinc retention from protein hydrolysate formulas in suckling rhesus monkeysAmerican Journal of Diseases of Children146: 588-591.
31.
Snedeker S.M., Smith S.A. and Greger J.L. (1982). Effect of dietary calcium and phosphorus levels on the utilization of iron, copper, and zinc by adult malesJournal of Nutrition112: 136-143.
32.
Solomons N.W., Pineda O., Viteri F. and Sandstead H.H. (1983). Studies on the bioavailability of zinc in humans: mechanism of the intestinal interaction of nonheme iron and zincJournal of Nutrition11 : 337-349.
33.
Yip R., Reeves J.D., Lönnerdal B., Keen C.L. and Dallman P.P. (1985). Does iron supplementation compromise zinc nutrition in healthy infants?The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition42: 683-687.
34.
Ziegler E.E., Serfass R.E., Nelson S.E., Figueroa-Colon R., Edwards B.B., Houk R.S. and Thompson J.J. (1989). Effect of low zinc intake on absorption and excretion of zinc by infants studied with 70Zn as extrinsic tagJournal of Nutrition119 : 1647-1653.
