Normal saline vs balanced intravenous fluids in acute ischemic stroke: A retrospective study

Abstract

While some studies have suggested better outcomes for critically ill patients with balanced solutions over normal saline, the best type of intravenous fluid to use for stroke patients remains unknown. Using a retrospective chart review of 2015–2019 Get with the Guidelines^® data at a single academic medical center, this study sought to determine whether balanced solutions or normal saline are associated with risk of hemorrhagic transformation or 90-day disability in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis. Exposure was the type of intravenous fluid and outcomes were modified Rankin scale (mRS) ≤2 at 90 days and hemorrhagic transformation. Multivariate analysis controlled for age, demographics, medical history, time to tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and admission stroke scale. We identified 302 patients who received thrombolysis, of which 166 patients had mRS data at 90 days. In univariate analysis, exposure to any balanced solution was associated with increased 90-day disability (odds ratio (OR) 4.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.8–4.9) and hemorrhagic transformation (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.3–2.2). In multivariate analysis, exposure to a balanced solution at any time was associated with increased 90-day disability (OR 6.3, 95% CI 2.4–17.0, p < 0.01), but not hemorrhagic transformation. Thus, this observational trial demonstrated that exposure to balanced solutions is associated with an increased risk of disability at 90 days and possibly hemorrhagic transformation in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis. This data would suggest that normal saline is a preferred solution in these patients, though larger future trials are needed.