Epidemiology of Envenomings by Venomous Animals in the Municipality of Barcelos (middle Rio Negro),Amazonas,Brazil

Abstract

Introduction

The municipality of Barcelos, located in the middle Rio Negro region, is home to various venomous snakes (ie, members of the Viperidae and Elapidae families). This study describes the epidemiology of incidents involving venomous animals in the remote municipality of Barcelos.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective epidemiological study to identify population groups vulnerable to envenomation by snakes, spiders, and/or scorpions in the middle Rio Negro (Barcelos) basin, Amazonas, Brazil. To determine the percentage of incidents, we calculated the occurrence and number of deaths. Data were collected from the Barcelos Reference Hospital from 2010 to 2024. The type and number of antivenom vials used in the treatment of patients were quantified according to the Strategic Inputs Information System (SIES).

Results

A total of 511 people were envenomated by venomous animals, 402 of them by snakes. Yanomami individuals were the most affected by snakebites (62.4%). Envenomations by Bothrops spp. caused 7 deaths, while those caused by spiders and scorpions were mostly mild. Among the snakebite survivors, 38 had their occupations identified at the time of the incident: 25 worked in the extraction of piassaba fibers (Leopoldinia piassaba) and 13 were chestnut fruit collectors (Bertholletia excelsa).

Conclusion

Between 2010 and 2024, vulnerable groups to snakebites, such as Yanomami people, were the most affected in the middle Rio Negro region. Amerindians who sought medical care at the Barcelos referral hospital received antivenom treatment and intensive care when necessary. Emergency medical services and therapeutic serums are crucial to saving lives in the Rio Negro region.