Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online 2025
“If I Didn't Ask for It,Don't Show It”: Women's Reactions to Unwanted Sexual Images Sent by Men and the Influence of Sexism,Social Norms,and Sense of Power
The unsolicited reception of sexual images is understudied issue with important consequences for women. Our research with 392 Spanish women aged 18–45 years examined the frequency and prevalence of unsolicited genital images, the relationship with the sender, and women's reactions. Results showed that 74% of participants had received such images, mainly from strangers (45.7%) or known men (21.9%). Reactions included blocking, telling friends, expressing rejection, and ignoring. Hostile sexism and adherence to social norms were associated with more positive reactions. Educating about the negative impacts of unsolicited sexual images and addressing sexism and social norms may help combat cyber–sexual violence.
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