Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

Reproductive coercion, a form of gender-based violence, often co-occurs with intimate partner violence (IPV), potentially leading to health consequences. Relying on data from the Côte D’Ivoire Performance Monitoring for Action, we examine the association between (a) physical, sexual, and emotional IPV with reproductive coercion, and (b) IPV and reproductive coercion with health perceptions. About 5% of the sample experienced reproductive coercion in the past year. Emotional IPV and experiencing multiple types of IPV were associated with higher odds of reproductive coercion. Sexual IPV and experiencing multiple number of types of IPV were associated with negative health outcomes. Implications are discussed below.

Keywords

reproductive coercion intimate partner violence côte d’Ivoire Africa

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Alexander

K. A.

Willie

T. C.

McDonald-Mosley

Campbell

J. C.

Miller

Decker

M. R.

(2021). Associations between reproductive coercion, partner violence, and mental health symptoms among young Black women in Baltimore, Maryland. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(17–18), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519860900

Alkema

Chou

Hogan

Zhang

Moller

A. B.

Gemmill

Fat

D. M.

Boerma

Temmerman

Mathers

Say

(2016). Global, regional, and national levels and trends in maternal mortality between 1990 and 2015, with scenario-based projections to 2030: A systematic analysis by the UN maternal mortality estimation inter-agency group. The Lancet, 387(10017), 462–474. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00838-7

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2013). Reproductive and sexual coercion. Committee opinion No. 554. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 121(2), 411–415. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.AOG.0000426427.79586.3b

Barker

L. C.

Stewart

D. E.

Vigod

S. N.

(2019). Intimate partner sexual violence: An often overlooked problem. Journal of Women's Health, 28(3), 363–374. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2017.6811

Bell

S. O.

Sheehy

Hyacinthe

A. K.

Guiella

Moreau

(2020). Induced abortion incidence and safety in Côte d’Ivoire. PloS one, 15(5), Article e0232364. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232364

Bouffard

L. A.

Koeppel

M. D.

(2014). Understanding the potential long-term physical and mental health consequences of early experiences of victimization. Justice Quarterly, 31(3), 568–587. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2012.734843

Briere

Agee

Dietrich

(2016). Cumulative trauma and current posttraumatic stress disorder status in general population and inmate samples. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 8(4), 439–446. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000107

Britt

C. L.

(2001). Health consequences of criminal victimization. International Review of Victimology, 8(1), 63–73. https://doi.org/10.1177/026975800100800104

Campbell

J. C.

(2002). Health consequences of intimate partner violence. The Lancet, 359(9314), 1331–1336. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08336-8

10.

CIA. (2020). Cote d'Ivoire. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cote-divoire/

11.

Coker

A. L.

Davis

K. E.

Arias

Desai

Saunderson

Brandt

H. M.

Smith

P. H.

(2002). Physical and mental health effects of intimate partner violence for men and women. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 23(4), 260–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2021.10.001

12.

Coker

A. L.

Smith

P. H.

Bethea

King

M. R.

McKeown

R. E.

(2000). Physical health consequences of physical and psychological intimate partner violence. Archives of Family Medicine, 9(5), 451–457. https://doi.org/10.1001/archfami.9.5.451

13.

DeMaris

Kaukinen

(2005). Violent victimization and women’s mental and physical health: Evidence from a national sample. Journal of Research in Crime & Delinquency, 42(4), 384–411. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427804271922

14.

Donahue

Robinson

Granato

S. A.

Tirera

Billy

D. A.

Koné

Pfeiffer

(2019). Adolescent access to and utilisation of health services in two regions of Côte d'Ivoire: A qualitative study. Global Public Health, 14(9), 1302–1315. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2019.1584229

15.

Emenike

Lawoko

Dalal

(2008). Intimate partner violence and reproductive health of women in Kenya. International Nursing Review, 55(1), 97–102. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-7657.2007.00580.x

16.

Falb

K. L.

Annan

Kpebo

Gupta

(2014). Reproductive coercion and intimate partner violence among rural women in Côte d’Ivoire: A cross-sectional study. African Journal of Reproductive Health/La Revue Africaine de La Santé Reproductive, 18(4), 61–69. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24362045

17.

Finkelhor

Ormrod

R. K.

Turner

H. A

. (2007). Re-victimization patterns in a national longitudinal sample of children and youth. Child Abuse & Neglect, 31(5), 479–502. 10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.03.012

18.

Gass

J. D.

Stein

D. J.

Williams

D. R.

Seedat

(2010). Intimate partner violence, health behaviours, and chronic physical illness among South African women. South African Medical Journal, 100(9), 582–585. https://doi.org/10.7196/samj.4274

19.

Grace

K. T.

Anderson

J. C.

(2018). Reproductive coercion: A systematic review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 19(4), 371–390. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838016663935

20.

Grace

K. T.

Miller

(2023). Future directions for reproductive coercion and abuse research. Reproductive Health, 20(1), Article 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-022-01550-3

21.

Guerra

Ocaranza

Weinberger

(2019). Searching for social support moderates the relationship between polyvictimization and externalizing symptoms: A brief report. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 34(3), 653–662. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260516642293

22.

Gupta

Falb

K. L.

Lehmann

Kpebo

Xuan

Hossain

Zimmerman

Watts

Annan

(2013). Gender norms and economic empowerment intervention to reduce intimate partner violence against women in rural Côte d’Ivoire: A randomized controlled pilot study. BMC International Health & Human Rights, 13(46), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-698X-13-46

23.

Hayes

B. E.

Kopp

P. M.

(2020). Gender differences in the effect of past year victimization on self-reported physical and mental health: Findings from the 2010 national intimate partner and sexual violence survey. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 45(2), 293–312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-019-09510-7

24.

Hayes

B. E.

Maher

C. A.

Pinchevsky

G. M.

(2023). Reproductive coercion among college students: An extension and test of routine activity theory. Violence Against Women, 29(12–13), 2486–2507. https://doi.org/10.1177/10778012231186813

25.

Hodges

Godbout

Briere

Lanktree

Gilbert

Kletzka

N. T

. (2013). Cumulative trauma and symptom complexity in children: A path analysis. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37(11), 891–898. 10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.04.001

26.

International Center for Research on Women. (2018). Gender equity and male engagement: It only works when everyone plays. ICRW. https://www.icrw.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/ICRW_Gender-Equity-and-Male-Engagement_Brief.pdf

27.

Jiwatram-Negrón

Cheng

S. Y.

Wachter

Mazzio

A. K.

Ward

Reed

Messing

J. T.

(2024). Examining associations between multiple types of IPV and adverse mental health among IPV survivors. Journal of Family Violence, 39(2), 177–191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-022-00472-9

28.

Kessler

R. C.

McLaughlin

K. A.

Green

J. G.

Gruber

M. J.

Sampson

N. A.

Zaslavsky

A. M.

Aguilar-Gaxiola

Alhamzawi

A. O.

Alonso

Angermeyer

Benjet

Bromet

Chatterji

de Girolamo

Demyttenaere

Fayyad

Florescu

Gal

Gureje

Williams

D. R.

(2010). Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 197(5), 378–385. 10.1192/bjp.bp.110.080499

29.

M. T.

Holton

Romero

Fisher

. (2018). Polyvictimization among children and adolescents in low-and lowermiddle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 19(3), 323–342. 10.1177/1524838016659489

30.

Logan

T. K.

Walker

Jordan

C. F.

Leukefeld

C. G.

(2006). Women and victimization: Contributing factors, interventions, and implications. American Psychological Association.

31.

Macmillan

(2000). Adolescent victimization and income deficits in adulthood: Rethinking the costs of criminal violence from a life-course perspective. Criminology; An Interdisciplinary Journal, 38(2), 553–588. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2000.tb00899.x

32.

Maher

C. A.

Hayes

B. E.

(2024). Nonfinancial consequences of identity theft revisited: Examining the association of out-of-pocket losses with physical or emotional distress and behavioral health. Criminal Justice & Behavior, 51(3), 459–481. https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231223166

33.

McCauley

H. L.

Falb

K. L.

Streich-Tilles

Kpebo

Gupta

(2014). Mental health impacts of reproductive coercion among women in Côte d’Ivoire. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 127(1), 55–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2014.04.011

34.

Miller

Decker

M. R.

McCauley

H. L.

Tancredi

D. J.

Levenson

R. R.

Waldman

Schoenwald

Silverman

J. G.

(2010). Pregnancy coercion, intimate partner violence and unintended pregnancy. Contraception, 81(4), 316–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2009.12.004

35.

Miller

Decker

M. R.

Reed

Raj

Hathaway

J. E.

Silverman

J. G.

(2007). Male partner pregnancy-promoting behaviors and adolescent partner violence: Findings from a qualitative study with adolescent females. Ambulatory Pediatrics, 7(5), 360–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ambp.2007.05.007

36.

Miller

Jordan

Levenson

Silverman

J. G.

(2010). Reproductive coercion: Connecting the dots between partner violence and unintended pregnancy. Contraception, 81(6), 457–459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2010.02.023

37.

Miller

McCauley

H. L.

Tancredi

D. J.

Decker

M. R.

Anderson

Silverman

J. G.

(2014). Recent reproductive coercion and unintended pregnancy among female family planning clients. Contraception, 89(2), 122–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2013.10.011

38.

Miller

Silverman

J. G.

(2010). Reproductive coercion and partner violence: Implications for clinical assessment of unintended pregnancy. Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 5(5), 511–515. https://doi.org/10.1586/eog.10.44

39.

Muñoz

E. A.

Shorey

R. C.

Temple

J. R.

(2023). Reproductive coercion victimization and associated mental health outcomes among female-identifying young adults. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 24(4), 538–554. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2023.2212407

40.

Nam

Hilimire

Schiffman

DeVylder

. (2016). Psychotic experiences in the context of depression: the cumulative role of victimization. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 82, 136–140. 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.07.023

41.

Nam

Lee

Bright

Negi

(2022). Polyvictimization and psychological outcomes among north Korean refugee women. Violence Against Women, 28(15-16), 3726–3741. https://doi.org/10.1177/10778012221088311

42.

Oyeniran

Lili

(2020). How do females deal with hindrances in school headship? Evidences from the Ivorian context. The European Journal of Educational Sciences, 07(02), 116–135. https://doi.org/10.19044/ejes.v7no2a8

43.

Parcesepe

A. M.

Cordoba

Gallis

J. A.

Headley

Tchatchou

Hembling

Soffo

Baumgartner

J. N.

(2021). Common mental disorders and intimate partner violence against pregnant women living with HIV in Cameroon: A cross-sectional analysis. BMC pregnancy and Childbirth, 21(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03673-0

44.

Park

Nordstrom

S. K.

Weber

K. M.

Irwin

(2016). Reproductive coercion: Uncloaking an imbalance of social power. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 214(1), 74–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2015.08.045

45.

PettyJohn

M. E.

Reid

T. A.

Miller

Bogen

K. W.

McCauley

H. L.

(2021). Reproductive coercion, intimate partner violence, and pregnancy risk among adolescent women with a history of foster care involvement. Children & Youth Services Review, 120, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105731

46.

PHIA Project. (2021). Côte D’Ivoire population-based HIV impact assessment: CIPHIA 2017-2018. https://phia.icap.columbia.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/CIPHIA-Final-Report_En.pdf

47.

Plichta

S. B.

Falik

(2001). Prevalence of violence and its implications for women’s health. Women’s Health Issues, 11(3), 244–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1049-3867(01)00085-8

48.

PMA. (2021). PMA Cote d'Ivoire: Results from Phase 2 cross-sectional survey. Performance Monitoring for Action. https://www.pmadata.org/sites/default/files/data_product_results/CIP2_XS_Results%20Brief_English_FINAL.pdf

49.

PMA Gender & ENSEA. (2021). Results from phase 2, gender-based violence module, 2021. Baltimore, Maryland, USA &, Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire: Bill & Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health & the École Nationale de Statistiques et d'Economie Appliquee of Abidjan. https://www.pmadata.org/sites/default/files/data_product_results/CI%20P3%20GBV%20Brief%20EN%20FINAL.pdf

50.

PMA. (n.d.). Survey methodology. https://www.pmadata.org/data/survey-methodology

51.

Sheeran

Vallury

Sharman

L. S.

Corbin

Douglas

Bernardino

Hach

Coombe

Keramidopoulos

R. T. A.

Tarzia

. (2022). Reproductive coercion and abuse among pregnancy counselling clients in Australia: Trends and directions. Reproductive Health, 19(1), 170. 10.1186/s12978-022-01479-7

52.

Shuman

S. J.

Falb

K. L.

Cardoso

L. F.

Cole

Kpebo

Gupta

(2016). Perceptions and experiences of intimate partner violence in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. PLoS One, 11(6), Article e0157348. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157348

53.

Swan

O’Connell

D. J.

(2012). The impact of intimate partner violence on women’s condom negotiation efficacy. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27(4), 775–792. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260511423240

54.

Tarzia

Hegarty

(2021). A conceptual re-evaluation of reproductive coercion: Centering intent, fear and control. Reproductive Health, 18(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-021-01143-6

55.

Tarzia

McKenzie

(2024). Reproductive coercion and abuse in intimate relationships: Women’s perceptions of perpetrator motivations. Plos One, 19(4), Article e0299069. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299069

56.

Tsui

A. O.

McDonald-Mosley

Burke

A. E.

(2010). Family planning and the burden of unintended pregnancies. Epidemiologic Reviews, 32(1), 152–174. https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxq012

57.

Turner

H. A.

Shattuck

Finkelhor

Hamby

(2016). Polyvictimization and youth violence exposure across contexts. Journal of Adolescent Health, 58(2), 208–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.09.021

58.

UNAIDS. (2022). Côte d’Ivoire 2022. HIV and AIDS estimates. https://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/ctedivoire

59.

Unterhalter

Arnot

Lloyd

Moletsane

Murphy-Graham

North

Saito

(2014). Interventions to enhance girls’ education and gender equality: Education rigorous literature review. Department for International Development.

60.

Van der Kolk

B. A.

(1994). The body keeps the score: Memory and the evolving psychobiology of posttraumatic stress. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 1(5), 253–265. https://doi.org/10.3109/10673229409017088

61.

Van der Kolk

(2014). The body keeps the score: Brain, mind, and body in the healing of trauma (Vol. 3). New York Times.

62.

Witte

T. H.

Hackman

C. L.

Boleigh

Mugoya

(2015). The link between psychological abuse victimization and physical health in college students. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 24(6), 693–706. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2015.1049769

63.

Wood

S. N.

Kennedy

S. R.

Akumu

Tallam

Asira

Hameeduddin

McGready

Zimmerman

L. A.

Kennedy

C. E.

Glass

Decker

M. R.

(2020). Reproductive coercion among intimate partner violence survivors in Nairobi. Studies in Family Planning, 51(4), 343–360. https://doi.org/10.1111/sifp.12141

64.

Wood

S. N.

Thomas

H. L.

Guiella

Bazié

Mosso

Fassassi

Akilimali

P. Z.

Thiongo

Gichangi

Oumarou

OlaOlorun

F. M.

Omoluabi

Khanna

Kibira

S. P. S.

Makumbi

Decker

M. R.

(2023). Prevalence and correlates of reproductive coercion across ten sites: Commonalities and divergence. Reproductive Health, 20(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-023-01568-1

65.

World Health Organization (WHO). (2012). Intimate partner violence. Understanding and addressing violence against women. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/77432/WHO_RHR_12.36_eng.pdf;sequence=1

66.

World Health Organization (WHO). (2013). Responding to intimate partner violence and sexual violence against women: WHO clinical and policy guidelines. World Health Organization.

67.

World Health Organization (WHO). (2023). HIV statistics, globally and by WHO region, 2023. Epidemiological fact sheet. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/hq-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-library/j0294-who-hiv-epi-factsheet-v7.pdf?sfvrsn=5cbb3393_7

68.

Yaya

Kunnuji

M. O.

Bishwajit

(2019). Intimate partner violence: A potential challenge for women’s health in Angola. Challenges, 10(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/challe10010021

Reproductive Coercion,Intimate Partner Violence,and Health Outcomes Among Married Women in Cote D’Ivoire

Abstract

Keywords

Get full access to this article

References