Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

The present study utilized survey assessments to examine correlates of bystander intervention intentions among heavy drinking college men (N = 210). Intentions to engage in bystander intervention were associated with fewer heavy drinking days, lower alcohol-related consequences, greater use of strategies to limit drinking, and lower endorsement of alcohol expectancies. A range of constructs commonly associated with perpetration of sexual aggression demonstrated a negative association with intentions to engage in bystander intervention. Multivariate analyses revealed that greater use of strategies to limit drinking and lower pornography use emerged as predictors of intentions to engage in bystander intervention.

Keywords

college alcohol use bystander intervention

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Abbey

(2002). Alcohol-related sexual assault: A common problem among college students. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, Supplement, 14(s14), 118–128. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsas.2002.s14.118

Abbey

(2011). Alcohol’s role in sexual violence perpetration: Theoretical explanations, existing evidence and future directions. Drug and Alcohol Review, 30(5), 481–489. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3362.2011.00296.x

Abbey

(2017). Alcohol-related sexual assault on college campuses: A continuing problem. In Kaukinen

Miller

M. H.

Powers

R. A.

(Eds.), Addressing and preventing violence against women on college campuses (pp. 78–96). Temple University Press.

Anderson

R. E.

Cahill

S. P.

Delahanty

D. L.

(2017). Initial evidence for the reliability and validity of the sexual experiences survey-short form perpetration (SES-SFP) in college men. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma, 26(6), 626–643. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2017.1330296

Bannon

R. S.

Brosi

M. W.

Foubert

J. D.

(2013). Sorority women’s and fraternity men’s rape myth acceptance and bystander intervention attitudes. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 50(1), 72–87. https://doi.org/10.1515/jsarp-2013-0005

Banyard

(2008). Measurement and correlates of prosocial bystander behavior: The case of interpersonal violence. Violence and Victims, 23(1), 83–97. https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.23.1.83

Banyard

V. L.

Moynihan

M. M.

Plante

E. G.

(2007). Sexual violence prevention through bystander education: An experimental evaluation. Journal of Community Psychology, 35(4), 463–481. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20159

Beck

A. T.

Steer

R. A.

Brown

G. K.

(1996). Beck depression inventory-II. Psychological Corporation.

Boeringer

S. B.

Shehan

C. L.

Akers

R. L.

(1991). Social contexts and social learning in sexual coercion and aggression: Assessing the contribution of fraternity membership. Family Relations, 40(1), 58–64. https://doi.org/10.2307/585659

10.

Brown

S. A.

Goldman

M. S.

Inn

Anderson

L. R.

(1980). Expectations of reinforcement from alcohol: Their domain and relation to drinking patterns. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48(4), 419–426. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.48.4.419

11.

Bruner

(2002). Measuring rape supportive attitudes, behaviors, and perceived peer norms among college men: Validation of a social norms survey. Dissertation Abstracts International, Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 63(7-B), 3466. https://www.proquest.com/openview/9866837f8663073880b6a49745a3700d/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y

12.

Buss

A. H.

Perry

(1992). The aggression questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(3), 452–459. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.63.3.452

13.

Cantor

Fisher

Chibnall

Townsend

Hyunshik

Bruce

Thomas

(2015). Report on the AAU campus climate survey on sexual assault and sexual misconduct . https://www.aau.edu/key-issues/aau-climate-survey-sexual-assault-and-sexual-misconduct-2015

14.

Carey

K. B.

(1995). Alcohol-related expectancies predict quantity and frequency of heavy drinking among college students. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 9(4), 236–241. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-164X.9.4.236

15.

Carlson

(2008). I’d rather go along and be considered a man: Masculinity and bystander intervention. Journal of Men‘s Studies, 16(1), 3–17. https://doi.org/10.3149/jms.1601.3

16.

Chabot

H. F.

Tracy

T. L.

Manning

C. A.

Poisson

C. A.

(2009). Sex, attribution, and severity influence intervention decisions of informal helpers in domestic violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 24(10), 1696–1713. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260509331514

17.

Christiansen

B. A.

Goldman

M. S.

Inn

(1982). Development of alcohol-related expectancies in adolescents: Separating pharmacological from social-learning influences. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 50(3), 336–344. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.50.3.336

18.

Coker

A. L.

Fisher

B. S.

Bush

H. M.

Swan

S. C.

Williams

C. M.

Clear

E. M.

DeGue

(2015). Evaluation of the Green Dot bystander intervention to reduce interpersonal violence among college students across three campuses. Violence Against Women, 21(12), 1507–1152. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801214545284

19.

Coulter

R. W.

Mair

Miller

Blosnich

J. R.

Matthews

D. D.

McCauley

H. L.

(2017). Prevalence of past-year sexual assault victimization among undergraduate students: Exploring differences by and intersections of gender identity, sexual identity, and race/ethnicity. Prevention Science, 18(6), 726–736. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-017-0762-8

20.

Davis

K. C.

Gilmore

A. K.

Stappenbeck

C. A.

Balsan

M. J.

George

W. H.

Norris

(2014). How to score the sexual experiences survey? A comparison of nine methods. Psychology of Violence, 4(4), 445–461. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037494

21.

DeGue

Valle

L. A.

Holt

M. K.

Massetti

G. M.

Matjasko

J. L.

Tharp

A. T.

(2014). A systematic review of primary prevention strategies for sexual violence perpetration. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19(4), 346–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2014.05.004

22.

Dermen

K. H.

Cooper

M. L.

(1994). Sex-related alcohol expectancies among adolescents: I. Scale development. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 8(3), 152–160. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-164X.8.3.152

23.

Fedina

Holmes

J. L.

Backes

B. L.

(2018). Campus sexual assault: A systematic review of prevalence research from 2000 to 2015. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 19(1), 76–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838016631129

24.

Felsten

Hill

(1999). Aggression questionnaire hostility scale predicts anger in response to mistreatment. Behavior Research and Therapy, 37(1), 87–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(98)00104-1

25.

Fischer

Krueger

J. I.

Greitemeyer

Vogrincic

Kastenmüller

Frey

Heene

Wicher

Kainbacher

(2011). The bystander-effect: A meta-analytic review on bystander intervention in dangerous and non-dangerous emergencies. Psychological Bulletin, 137(4), 517–537. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023304

26.

Flack

W. F.

Caron

M. L.

Leinen

S. J.

Breitenbach

K. G.

Barber

A. M.

Brown

E. N.

Gilbert

C. T.

Harchak

T. F.

Hendricks

M. M.

Rector

C. E.

Schatten

H. T.

Stein

H. C.

(2008). Red zone: Temporal risk for unwanted sex among college students. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23(9), 1177–1196. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260508314308

27.

Fleming

W. M.

Wiersma-Mosley

J. D.

(2015). The role of alcohol consumption patterns and pro-social bystander interventions in contexts of gender violence. Violence Against Women, 21(10), 1259–1283. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801215592721

28.

Foubert

J. D.

Brosi

M. W.

Bannon

R. S.

(2011). Pornography viewing among fraternity men: Effects on bystander intervention, rape myth acceptance and behavioral intent to commit sexual assault. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 18(4), 212–231. https://doi.org/10.1080/10720162.2011.625552

29.

Fromme

D’Amico

E. J.

(2000). Measuring adolescent alcohol outcome expectancies. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 14(2), 206–212. https://doi.org/10.1037//0893-164X.14.2.206

30.

Fromme

Stroot

E. A.

Kaplan

(1993). Comprehensive effects of alcohol: Development and psychometric assessment of a new expectancy questionnaire. Psychological Assessment, 51(1), 19–26. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.5.1.19

31.

Frye

(2007). The informal social control of intimate partner violence against women: Exploring personal attitudes and perceived neighborhood social cohesion. Journal of Community Psychology, 35(8), 1001–1018. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20209

32.

Garlick

(2010). Taking control of sex? Hegemonic masculinity, technology, and internet pornography. Men and Masculinities, 12(5), 597–614. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X09341360

33.

Giancola

P. R.

Josephs

R. A.

Parrott

D. J.

Duke

A. A.

(2010). Alcohol myopia revisited: Clarifying aggression and other acts of disinhibition through a distorted lens. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5(3), 265–278. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691610369467

34.

Goldman

M. S.

Del Boca

F. K.

Darkes

(1999). Alcohol expectancy theory: The application of cognitive neuroscience. In Leonard

K. E.

Blane

H. T.

(Eds.), Psychological theories of drinking and alcoholism (pp. 203–246). Guilford Publications.

35.

Grazian

(2007). The girl hunt: Urban nightlife and the performance of masculinity as collective activity. Symbolic Interaction, 30(2), 221–243. https://doi.org/10.1525/si.2007.30.2.221

36.

Hilton

M. E.

(1989). A comparison of a prospective diary and two summary recall techniques for recording alcohol consumption. British Journal of Addiction, 84(9), 1085–1092. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1989.tb00792.x

37.

Johnson

S. M.

Murphy

M. J.

Gidycz

C. A.

(2017). Reliability and validity of the sexual experiences survey-short forms victimization and perpetration. Violence and Victims, 32(1), 78–92. https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.VV-D-15-00110

38.

Jones

B. T.

Corbin

Fromme

(2001). A review of expectancy theory and alcohol consumption. Addiction, 96(1), 57–72. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.961575.x

39.

Jouriles

E. N.

Krauss

N. L.

Banyard

V. L.

McDonald

. (2018). Bystander programs addressing sexual violence on college campuses: A systematic review and meta-analysis of program outcomes and delivery methods. Journal of American College Health, 66(6), 457–466. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2018.1431906

40.

Kahler

C. W.

Strong

D. R.

Read

J. P.

(2005). Toward efficient and comprehensive measurement of the alcohol problems continuum in college students: The brief young adult alcohol consequences questionnaire. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 29(7), 1180–1189. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ALC.0000171940.95813.A5

41.

Koss

M. P.

Abbey

Campbell

Cook

Norris

Testa

Ullman

West

White

(2007). Revising the SES: A collaborative process to improve assessment of sexual aggression and victimization. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 31, 357–370. https://doi.org/10.111/j.1471-6402.2007.00385.x

42.

Latané

Darley

J. M.

(1970). The unresponsive bystander: Why doesn‘t he help. Appleton Century Crofts.

43.

Leone

R. M.

Haikalis

Parrott

D. J.

DiLillo

. (2017). Bystander intervention to prevent sexual violence: The overlooked role of bystander alcohol intoxication. Psychology of Violence, 8(5), 639–647. https://doi.org/10.1037/vio0000155

44.

Locke

B. D.

Mahalik

J. R.

(2005). Examining masculinity norms, problem drinking, and athletic involvement as predictors of sexual aggression in college men. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(3), 279–283. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.52.3.279

45.

McMahon

(2010). Rape myth beliefs and bystander attitudes among incoming college students. Journal of American College Health, 59(1), 3–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2010.483715

46.

Mohler-Kuo

Dowdall

G. W.

Koss

M. P.

Wechsler

(2004). Correlates of rape while intoxicated in a national sample of college women. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 65(1), 37–45. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2004.65.37

47.

Moynihan

M. M.

Banyard

V. L.

Cares

A. C.

Potter

S. J.

Williams

L. M.

Stapleton

J. G.

(2015). Encouraging responses in sexual and relationship violence prevention: What program effects remain 1 year later? Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 30(1), 110–132. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260514532719

48.

Neal

D. J.

Fromme

(2007). Event-level covariation of alcohol intoxication and behavioral risks during the first year of college. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75(2), 294–306. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.75.2.294

49.

NIAAA . (2021). Rethinking drinking. NIH Publication No. 21-AA-3770 Revised December 2021. https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/NIAAA_RethinkingDrinking.pdf

50.

Oesterle

D. W.

Orchowski

L. M.

Moreno

Berkowitz

(2018). A qualitative analysis of bystander intervention among heavy-drinking college men. Violence Against Women, 24(10), 1207–1231. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801218781931

51.

Orchowski

L. M.

Barnett

N. P.

Berkowitz

Borsari

Oesterle

Zlotnick

(2018). Sexual assault prevention for heavy drinking college men: Development and feasibility of an integrated approach. Violence Against Women, 24(11), 1369–1396. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801218787928

52.

Orchowski

L. M.

Berkowitz

Boggis

Oesterle

(2016). Bystander intervention among college men: The role of alcohol and correlates of sexual aggression. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 31, 2824–2846. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605115581904

53.

Parks

K. A.

Scheidt

D. M.

(2000). Male bar drinkers’ perspective on female bar drinkers. Sex Roles, 43, 927–941. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:101104520

54.

Parrott

D. J.

Tharp

A. T.

Swartout

K. M.

Miller

C. A.

Hall

G. C. N.

George

W. H.

(2012). Validity for an integrated laboratory analogue of sexual aggression and bystander intervention. Aggressive Behavior, 38(4), 309–321. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21429

55.

Pfohl

Blum

Zimmerman

(1997). Structured interview for DSM-IV personality (SIDP-IV). American Psychiatric Association.

56.

Pittman

Gueorguieva

Krupitsky

Rudenko

A. A.

Flannery

B. A.

Krystal

J. H.

(2007). Multidimensionality of the alcohol withdrawal symptom checklist: A factor analysis of the alcohol withdrawal symptom checklist and CIWA-ar. Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research, 31, 612–618. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00345.x

57.

Smith

G. T.

Goldman

M. S.

(1994). Alcohol expectancy theory and the identification of high-risk adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 4(2), 229–248. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327795jra0402_4

58.

Sobell

L. C.

Brown

Leo

G. I.

Sobell

M. B.

(1996). The reliability of the alcohol timeline followback when administered by telephone and by computer. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 42(1), 49–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/0376-8716(96)01263-X

59.

Sobell

L. C.

Sobell

M. B.

(1992). Timeline follow-back: A technique for assessing self-reported alcohol consumption. In Litten

R. Z.

Allen

J. P.

(Eds.), Measuring alcohol consumption (pp. 41–72). Humana Press.

60.

Steele

C. M.

Josephs

R. A.

(1990). Alcohol myopia: Its prized and dangerous effects. American Psychologist, 45(8), 921–933. http://psycnet.apa.org/buy/1990-30873-001 https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.45.8.921

61.

Tabachnick

B. G.

Fidell

L. S.

(2019). Using multivariate statistics. Pearson.

62.

Testa

Cleveland

M. J.

(2017). Does alcohol contribute to college men’s sexual assault perpetration? Between- and within-person effects over five semesters. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 78(1), 5–13. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2017.78.5

63.

Testa

Livingston

J. A.

(2009). Alcohol consumption and women’s vulnerability to sexual victimization: Can reducing women’s drinking prevent rape? Substance Use & Misuse, 44(1–10), 1349–1376. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826080902961468

64.

Tice

D. M.

Baumeister

R. F.

(1985). Masculinity inhibits helping in emergencies: Personality does predict the bystander effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49(2), 420–428. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.49.2.420

65.

Tuliao

A. P.

McChargue

(2014). Problematic alcohol use and sexual assault among male college students: The moderating and mediating roles of alcohol outcome expectancies. American Journal on Addictions, 23(4), 321–328. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1521-0391.2014.12119.x

66.

Werch

C. E.

Gorman

D. R.

(1986). Factor analysis of internal and external self-control practices for alcohol consumption. Psychological Reports, 59(3), 1207–1213. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1986.59.3.1207

67.

Werner

M. J.

Walker

L. S.

Greene

J. W.

(1993). Alcohol expectancies, problem drinking, and adverse health consequences. Journal of Adolescent Health, 14(6), 446–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/1054-139X(93)90116-7

68.

White

J. W.

Smith

P. H

. (2004). A longitudinal perspective on physical and sexual intimate partner violence against women [NCJ 199708]. National Institute of Justice.

69.

Young

R. M.

Oei

T. P. S.

(1993). Grape expectations: The role of alcohol expectancies in the understanding and treatment of problem drinking. International Journal of Psychology, 28(3), 337–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207599308246926

Correlates of Bystander Intervention Among Heavy Drinking College Men

Abstract

Keywords

Get full access to this article

References