Abstract
Separation of noise source contributions is critically important for the acoustic performance optimization and design of rail vehicles. This paper establishes a refined multi-component train dynamics model, a broadband noise prediction model, and a wheel–rail rolling noise prediction model to conduct layer-by-layer vibration transfer analysis of the vehicle, achieve contribution separation of structure-borne and air-borne noise, and further perform multi-component vibration-noise contribution separation for the bogie system. The results show that the transfer path analysis (axle-bogie-body) confirms hierarchical amplification, and vertical vibrations are governed by body heave/pitch and roll modes. Below 100 Hz, the structure-borne sound path (caused by wheel–rail vibrations) contributes more than 95% of the sound energy, while above 100 Hz, the air-borne sound path (caused by wheel-rail noise) contributes more than 97% of the sound energy. Among the contributions of structure-borne sound components, below 250 Hz, the most significant contributing component is the secondary vertical damper (16–250 Hz), with an energy proportion of 55%∼99%; the anti-yaw damper makes an important contribution in the 16–40 Hz range, with an energy proportion of 24%∼40%. This research work holds significant importance for implementing precise noise control and ensuring the low-noise design of vehicles.
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