Impact noise generated as a train wheel passes a poor-quality welding joint causes great disturbance to passengers and nearby residents, and therefore, is an urgent problem to be solved. Resilient wheels, featured with a rubber layer between the rim and the core, have shown a great potential in reducing noise and vibration. As a resilient wheel passes a poor-quality welding joint, strong impact occurs between the wheel and rail, highlighting the importance of the nonlinear property of the rubber layer and the wheel/rail local contact. Unfortunately, the combined roles of the nonlinear property of the rubber layer and the wheel/rail local contact have not been adequately studied in the past, leaving some measurement results difficult to explain. The purpose of this paper is to present a study, using an improved implicit-explicit wheel–rail rolling contact model combined with the acoustic boundary element model, on the impact noise properties of a resilient wheel by fully taking into account the nonlinearity of the wheel/rail system. From the study it is shown that, the use of resilient wheels can significantly reduce the wheel-rail impact forces and the associated noise when traversing short-wave welding joints. It is worth noting that resilient wheels demonstrate a certain level of nonlinearity in their performance. Furthermore, we observed that the noise reduction effect of the resilient wheel is not linearly proportional to the depth of the welding joint.
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