With the rapid development of modern industry, the situation of high speed and heavy load is becoming even more relevant in the gear transmission system. Under the condition of high speed and heavy load, the fault type and frequency of the gear transmission system are gradually increasing. Effective and accurate detection of fault location and fault type is one of the difficult problems in today’s fault diagnosis. In the case of high speed and heavy load, the probability of multi-body fault is greatly increased. However, most of the current fault diagnosis methods are limited to the study of single fault characteristics, and do not take into account the multi body fault. In this paper, the single crack, gear coupling crack, single shaft crack, and gear and shaft coupling crack signal are analyzed by means of the short-time Fourier transform, and the corresponding fault characteristics of different fault types are found out. The modal analysis of the fault state of the gear transmission system is carried out, the structural characteristics of the gear drive are verified, and the influence of the different fault forms on the vibration characteristics of the gear is compared.
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