Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online 2014-8
Application of a magnetorheological damper modeled using the current–dependent Bouc–Wen model for shimmy suppression in a torsional nose landing gear with and without freeplay
In this study, shimmy of a nose landing gear model with torsional degree of freedom is analyzed. Equations governing the torsional nose landing gear model and the stretched string tire model are presented. Freeplay is incorporated into the model. A magnetorheological (MR) damper modeled using the current–dependent Bouc–Wen model is introduced to the torsional landing gear model with and without freeplay. Parameter identification of the Bouc–Wen model is accomplished using genetic algorithms. Incorporation of an MR damper into the landing gear model with and without freeplay is the advantage in this study. Implementation of the current–dependent Bouc–Wen model in such a landing gear model is another brand new concept.
AhnKKIslamMATruongDQ (2008) Hysteresis modeling of magnetorheological fluid damper by self-tuning fuzzy control. International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems. October 14–17. Seoul.
2.
AlighanbariH (2002) Aeroelastic response of an airfoil–aileron combination with freeplay in aileron hinge. Journal of Aircraft, 39(4): 711–713.
3.
ArevaloFGarcia–FogedaP (2010) Aeroelastic characteristics of slender wing/bodies with freeplay nonlinearities. In: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Journal of Aerospace Engineering, Vol. 225: 347–359.
4.
AshfakASaheedAAbdul RasheedKKAbdul JaleelJ (2011) Design, fabrication and evaluation of MR damper. International Journal of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, 5(1): 27–32.
5.
AtabayE (2012) Dynamics of a landing gear mechanism. Dissertation, Istanbul Technical University.
6.
AtabayEOzkolI (2012a) Stability analysis of a landing gear mechanism with torsional degree of freedom. Global Journal of Researches in Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, 12(1): 17–27.
7.
AtabayEOzkolI (2012b) On dynamics of a landing gear mechanism with torsional freeplay. Global Journal of Researches in Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, 12(1): 35–49.
8.
Baumann JA (1992) Aircraft landing gear shimmy. Dissertation, University of Missouri.
9.
BeeryRWTsienVC (1962) Mathematical Analysis of Corotating Nose Gear Shimmy Phenomenon. Journal of Aerospace Science, pp. 1462–1470.
10.
Besselink IJM (2000) Shimmy of aircraft main landing gears. Dissertation, Technical University of Delft.
11.
BesselinkIJMSchmeitzAJCPacejkaHB (2010) An improved Magic Formula/Swift tire model that can handle inflation pressure changes. Vehicle System Dynamics, 48(supplement): 337–352.
12.
ChungKWChanCLLeeBHK (2007) Bifurcation analysis of a two degree of freedom aeroelastic system with freeplay structural nonlinearity by a perturbation–incremental method. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 299: 520–539.
13.
ConnerMDTangDMDowellEHVirginLN (1997) Nonlinear behavior of a typical airfoil section with control surface freeplay: a numerical and experimental study. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 11: 89–109.
DaweiCHongbinGHaoW (2010) Application of magnetorheological damper in landing gear shimmy. IEEE 3rd International Symposium on Systems and Control in Aeronautics and Astronautics. June 8–10. China.
16.
De-MinZQi-ChangZ (2010) Bifurcation and chaos analysis for aeroelastic airfoil with freeplay structural nonlinearity in pitch. Chinese Physics B, 19(3): 030518–030518.
17.
DimitrijevicZMortchelewiczGDPoirionF (2000) Nonlinear dynamics of a two dimensional airfoil with freeplay in an inviscid compressible flow. Aerospace Science and Technology, 4: 125–133.
18.
DominguezASedaghatiRStiharuI (2006) A new dynamic hysteresis model for magnetorheological dampers. Institute of Physics Publishing, Smart Materials and Structures, 15: 1179–1189.
19.
Dyke SJ, Spencer BF, Sain MK and Carlson JD (1996) Modeling and control of magnetorheological dampers for seismic response reduction. Smart Materials and Structures 5(5): 565--583.
20.
ErolOGurocakH (2011) Interactive design optimizaiton of magnetorheological brake actuators using the Taguchi method. Smart Materials and Structures (20): 1–12.
21.
EsmailzadehEFarzanehKA (1999) Shimmy vibration analysis of aircraft landing gears. Journal of Vibration and Control, 5: 45–56.
KimDLeeI (2000) Transonic and low–supersonic aeroelastic analysis of a two degree of freedom airfoil with a freeplay nonlinearity. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 234(5): 859–880.
24.
KrügerWBesselinkICowlingDDoanDBKortümWKrabacherW (1997) Aircraft landing gear dynamics, simulation and control. Vehicle System Dynamics, 28: 119–158.
25.
KuzhirPBossisGBashtovoiV (2005) Optimization of magnetorheological fluid valves. International Journal of Modern Physics B, 19(7–9): 1229–1235.
26.
LeeDYNamYJYamaneRParkMK (2009) Performance evaluation on vibration control of MR landing gear. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 143: 1–6.
27.
LiuLWongYSLeeBHK (2002) Nonlinear aeroelastic analysis using the point transformation method, part 1: freeplay model. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 253(2): 447–469.
28.
LiuLDowellEH (2005) Harmonic balance approach for an airfoil with a freeplay control surface. AIAA Journal, 43(4): 802–815.
29.
Long SH (2006) Active control of shimmy oscillation in aircraft landing gear. Dissertation, Concordia University.
30.
Maas JWLH (2009) A comparison of dynamic tire models for vehicle shimmy stability analysis. Dissertation, Eindhoven University of Technology.
31.
MarsdenCCPriceSJ (2005) The aeroelastic response of a wing section with a structural freeplay nonlinearity: an experimental investigation. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 21: 257–276.
32.
MikulowskiGHolnicki–SzulcJ (2004) Adaptive aircraft shock absorbers. Proceedings of the Third European Conference on Structural Control. July 12–15. Vienna.
33.
MorelandWJ (1954) The story of shimmy. Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences, 21(12): 793–808.
34.
PacejkaHB (2004) Tire and Vehicle Dynamics, Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
35.
ParkEJStoikovDda LuzLFSulemanA (2006a) A performance evaluation of an automotive magnetorheological brake design with a sliding mode controller. Mechatronics, 16: 405–416.
36.
ParkEJda LuzLFSulemanA (2007) Multidisciplinary design optimization of an automotive magnetorheological brake design. Computers and Structures, 86: 207–216.
37.
ParkYYooJLeeI (2006b) Effects of angle of attack on the aeroelastic characteristics of a wing with freeplay. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 43(6): 1419–1422.
38.
PoulyGHuynhTLauffenburgerJBassetM (2008) Active shimmy damping using fuzzy adaptive output feedback control. 10th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision. December 17–20. Vietnam.
39.
Richards R (2007) Comparison of linear, nonlinear, hysteretic and probabilistic MR damper models. Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
40.
RosenfeldNCWereleyNM (2004) Volume constrained optimization of magnetorheological and electrorheological valves and dampers. Institute of Physics Publishing, Smart Materials and Structures, 13: 1303–1313.
41.
RoskamJ (2000) Airplane Design, Part IV: Layout of Landing Gear and Systems, Lawrence, Kansas: DAR Corporation.
42.
SakaiCOhmoriHSanoA (2003) Modeling of MR damper with hysteresis for adaptive vibration control. Proceedings of the 42nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. December. Maui, Hawaii.
43.
SateeshBMaitiDK (2009) The analysis of shimmy instability of a typical nose landing gear using active torsional magnetorheological damper. In: Proceedings of the IMEch Part: G Journal of Aerospace Engineering, Vol. 223: 201–216.
44.
SomieskiG (1997) Shimmy analysis of a simple aircraft nose landing gear model using different mathematical methods. Aerospace Science and Technology(8): 545–555.
45.
Stevens JE (1960) Shimmy of a Nose Gear with Dual Corotating Wheels. Journal of the Aerospace Sciences 28(8): 622--630.
46.
SuraNKSuryanarayanS (2007a) Closed form analytical solution for the shimmy instability of nose w\heel landing gears. Journal of Aircraft, 44(6): 1985–1990.
47.
SuraNKSuryanarayanS (2007b) Lateral response of nonlinear nose–wheel landing gear models with torsional freeplay. Journal of Aircraft, 44(6): 1991–1997.
48.
SuraNKSuryanarayanS (2007c) Lateral response of nose–wheel landing gear system to ground induced excitation. Journal of Aircraft, 44(6): 1998–2005.
49.
SuraNKSuryanarayanS (2009) Lateral stability of aircraft nose–wheel landing gear with closed loop shimmy damper. Journal of Aircraft, 46(2): 505–509.
50.
ThotaPKrauskopfBLowenbergM (2009) Interaction of torsion and lateral bending in aircraft nose landing gear shimmy. Nonlinear Dynamics, 57: 455–467.
51.
ThotaPKrauskopfBLowenbergMCoetzeeE (2010) Influence of tire inflation pressure on nose landing gear shimmy. Journal of Aircraft, 47(5): 1697–1706.
52.
WangDHLiaoWH (2011) Magnetorheological fluid dampers – a review of parametric modeling. Smart Materials and Structures, 20: 1–34.
53.
WangERMaXQRakhelaSSuCY (2003) Modeling the hysteretic characteristics of a magnetorheological fluid damper. In: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part: D, Journal of Automobile Engineering, Vol. 217: 537–550.
54.
XiaominXQingSLingZBinZ (2009) Parameter estimation and its sensitivity analysis of the MR damper hysteresis model using a modified genetic algorithm. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 20: 2089–2100.
55.
XueXSunQZhangLWuXZhangL (2010) Parameter identification of simplified Bouc–Wen model for a MR damper using efficient GA. International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, 33: 175–181.
56.
YangGSpencerBFJungHJCarlsonJD (2002) Phenomenological model of large scale MR damper systems. Advances in Building Technology, 1: 545–552.
57.
YaoGZYapFFChenGLiWHYeoSH (2002) MR damper and its application for semi–active control of vehicle suspension system. Mechatronics, 2: 963–973.
58.
YooJParkYLeeIHanJ (2005) Aeroelastic analysis of a wing with freeplay in the subsonic/transonic regions. JSME International Journal Series B, 48(2): 208–211.
59.
ZenthnerIPoirionF (2006) Non-smooth dynamics and stability of mechanical systems featuring a freeplay nonlinearity. International Journal of Nonlinear Mechanics, 41: 796–806.
60.
ZhaoDZhangQTanY (2009) Random flutter of a 2 dof nonlinear airfoil in pitch and plunge with freeplay in pitch. Nonlinear Dynamics, 58: 643–654.
61.
ZhaoHCaoDZhuX (2010) Aerodynamic flutter and limit cycle analysis for a 2d wing with pitching freeplay in the supersonic flow. 3rd International Symposium on Systems and Control in Aeronautics and Astronautics. June 8–10. Harbin, China, pp. 1105–1109.
