Assessing the Coagulation Factor Levels,Inherited Thrombophilia,and ABO Blood Group on the Risk for Venous Thrombosis Among Brazilians

Abstract

Increased coagulation factor levels have been demonstrated to be a risk factor for venous thromboembolism in patients of Caucasian origin. Coagulation factors, hereditary thrombophilia, and ABO blood group were evaluated for venous thrombosis risk in a heterogeneous Brazilian population consisting of 122 women and 53 men, with a median age of 36 years (range 13-63), matched to a control group by age, sex, and ethnicity. Increased levels of factor VIII (odds ratio [OR], 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-6.0), von Willebrand factor (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.4-5.4), non-O blood group (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.3-3.4), and thrombophilia (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.6-7.1) emerged as independent risk factors for venous thromboembolism. The interaction of high levels of factor IX and factor XI with other independent variables increased the potential for thrombosis synergistically. Therefore, the ability of identifying underlying thrombophilia risk factors in our population was enhanced by the inclusion of these factors in the prothrombotic laboratory workup.

Keywords

venous thrombosis coagulation factors ABO blood group

References

White RH , Zhou H. , Murin S. , Harvey D. Effect of ethnicity and gender on the incidence of venous thromboembolism in a diverse population in California in 1996. Thromb Haemost . 2005;93:298-305.

Poort SR , Rosendaal FR , Reitsma PH , Bertina RM A common genetic variation in the region of the pro-thrombin gene is associated with elevated plasma pro-thrombin levels and an increase in venous thrombosis . Blood. 1996;88:3698-3703.

Bertina RM , Koeleman RPC , Koster T. , et al. Mutation in blood coagulation factor V associated with resistance to activated protein C. Nature. 1994;369:64-67.

Seligsohn U. , Lubetsky A. Genetic susceptibility to venous thrombosis . N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1222-1231.

Patel RK , Ford E. , Thumpston J. , Arya R. Risk factors for venous thrombosis in the black population. Thromb Haemost. 2003;90:835-838.

van Hylckama Vlieg A. , Rosendaal FR High levels of fibrinogen are associated with the risk of deep venous thrombosis mainly in the elderly. J Thromb Haemost. 2003;1:2677-2678.

Koster T. , Blann AD , Briet E. , Vandenbroucke JP , Rosendaal FR Role of clotting factor VIII in effect of von Willebrand factor on occurrence of deep-vein thrombosis. Lancet. 1995;345:152-155.

Kraaijenhagen RA , Anker PS , Koopman MM , et al. High concentration of factor VIIIc is a major risk factor for venous thromboembolism. Thromb Haemost. 2000; 83:5-9.

Tirado I. , Mateo J. , Soria JM , et al. The ABO blood group genotype and factor VIII levels as independent risk factors for venous thromboembolism. Thromb Haemost. 2005;93:468-474.

10.

van Hylckama Vlieg A. , van der Linden IK , Bertina RM , Rosendaal FR High levels of factor IX increase the risk of venous thrombosis. Blood . 2000;95:3678-3682.

11.

Meijers JC , Tekelenburg WL , Bouma BN , Bertina RM , Rosendaal FR High levels of coagulation factor XI as a risk factor for venous thrombosis . N Engl J Med. 2000; 342:696-701.

12.

Itakura H. Racial disparities in risk factors for thrombosis. Curr Opin Hematol. 2005;12:364-369.

13.

Torresan M. , Machado TF , Siqueira LH , Ozelo MC , Arruda VR , Annichino-Bizzacchi JM The impact of the search for thrombophilia risk factors among antiphospholipid syndrome patients with thrombosis. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis . 2000 ;11:679-682.

14.

Rothman KJ Modern Epidemiology. Boston, MA: Little, Brown; 1986:35-40.

15.

Stein PD , Hull RD , Patel RK , Olson RE , Ghali WA Venous thromboembolic disease comparison of the diagnostic process in blacks and whites. Arch Intern Med. 2003 ;163:1843-1848.

16.

Patel RK , Lambie J. , Bonner L. , Arya R. Venous thromboembolism in the black population. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164:1348-1349.

17.

Dowling NF , Austin H. , Dilley A. , Whitsett C. , Evatt BL , Hooper WC The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism in Caucasians and African-Americans: the GATE Study. J Thromb Haemost. 2003;1:80-87.

18.

van Hylckama Vlieg A. , Callas PW , Cushman M. , Bertina RM , Rosendaal FR Inter-relation of coagulation factors and D-dimer levels in healthy individuals. J Thromb Haemost. 2003;1:516-522.

19.

Patel RK , Ford E. , Thumpston J. , Arya R. Coagulation factors levels and venous thrombosis in the black population . Thromb Haemost. 2004;91:828-830.

20.

Conlan MG , Folson AR , Finch A. , et al. Associations of factor VIII and von Willebrand factor with race, age, sex, and risk factors for atherosclerosis. The ARIC Study. Thromb Haemost. 1993;70:380-385.

21.

Rosendaal FR High levels of factor VIII and venous thrombosis . Thromb Haemost. 2000;83:1-2.

22.

Schambeck CM , Hinney K. , Haubitz I. , Mansouri Talenghani B. , Wahler D. , Keller F. Familial clustering of high factor VIII levels in patients with venous thromboembolism . Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2001;21: 289-292.