Introduction

Alvares, C.A. (1979) Homo Faber. Technology and Culture in India, China and the West, 1500 to the Present Day. New Delhi: Allied Publishers.

Barnes, B. (1974) Scientific Knowledge and Sociological Theory. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Ben-David, J. (1978) Centers of Learning: Britain, France, Germany, United States. New York: McGraw-Hill .

———( 1971) The Scientist's Role in Society. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Bloor, D. (1976) Knowledge and Social Imagery. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Campbell, Donald T. (forthcoming) "Science's social system of validity-enhancing collective belief change," in D. W. Fiske and R. A. Shweder (eds.) Pluralism and Subjectivities in the Social Sciences. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.

———( 1985) "Toward an epistemologically-relevant sociology of science ." Sci., Technology and Human Values 10: 38-48.

———( 1984a) "Types of evolutionary epistemology extended to a sociology of scientific belief." Presented at the International Conference on Evolutionary Epistemology, University of Ghent , November (Werner Callebaut and Rik Pinxten, organizers and editors).

---( 1984b) "Science policy from a naturalistic sociological epistemology ." PSA: 2.

———( 1983) "Science's social system of validity-enhancing collective belief change and the problems of the social sciences." Draft manuscript for the D.W. Fiske and R.A. Shweder book based upon the NIMH Conference, "Potentialities for Knowledge in Social Science ," September.

———( 1982) "Experiments as arguments." Knowledge: Creation, Diffusion, Utilization 3: 327-337.

———( 1981) ERISS Conference. 4S Newsletter. Society for the Social Studies of Science 6: 24-25.

———( 1979) "A tribal model of the social system vehicle carrying scientific knowledge." Knowledge: Creation, Diffusion, Utilization 2: 181-201.

———( 1974) "Evolutionary epistemology," pp. 413-463 in P. A. Schlipp (ed.) The Philosophy of Karl Popper. LaSalle, IL: Open Court .

Collins, H.M. (1981) "The social destruction of gravitational radiation ." Social Studies of Science 11: 33-62.

Holzner, B. (1983) "Social processes and knowledge synthesis," pp. 187-228 in S. A. Ward and L. J. Reed (eds.) Knowledge Structure and Use: Implications for Synthesis and Interpretation. Philadelphia, PA: Temple Univ. Press.

———( 1972) Reality Construction in Society. Cambridge, MA: Schenkman.

———and E. Fisher (1979b) "Knowledge in use: considerations in the sociology of knowledge application." Knowledge: Creation, Diffusion, Utilization : 219-244.

Holzner, B. and J.H. Marx (1979a) Knowledge Application: The Knowledge System in Society. Boston: Allyn and Bacon .

Holzner, B. and J. Nehnevajsa (1982) Organizing for Social Research. Cambridge, MA: Schenkman.

Horton, R. (1982) "Tradition and modernity," pp. 201-260 in M. Hollis and S. Lukes (eds.) Rationality and Relativism. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

———( 1967) "African traditional thought and Western science ." Africa 37: 1-2.

Knorr-Cetina, K. (1981) The Manufacture of Knowledge: An Essay on the Constructivist and Contextual Nature of Science. New York: Pergamon.

Kuhn, T.S. (1962) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.

Latour, B. and S. Woolgar (1979) Laboratory Life: The Social Construction of Scientific Facts. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

Mulkay, M. (1979) Science and the Sociology of Knowledge. London: Allen & Unwin.

Merton, R.K. (1973) The Sociology of Science: Theoretical and Empirical Investigations. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.

Needham, J. (1981) Science of Traditional China: A Comparative Perspective . Hong Kong: Chinese Univ. Press .

———( 1954) Science and Civilization in China (7 vols.) Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.

Nelson, B. (1981) On the Roads to Modernity: Conscience, Science and Civilizations (Toby E. Huff, trans.). Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Littlefield.

Parsons, T. (1976) "Some considerations on the growth of the American system of higher education and research," in T. N. Clark and J. Ben-David (eds.) Culture and Its Creators: Essays in Honor of Edward Shils. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.

———( 1964) "Unity and diversity in modern intellectual disciplines: the role of the social sciences." Daedalus (Winter): 39-65.

Ravetz, J.R. (1971) Scientific Knowledge and Its Social Problems. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.

Shils, E. (1981) Tradition. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.

———( 1975) Center and Periphery: Essays in Macro-Sociology . Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press .

———[ed.] (1972) The Intellectuals and the Powers and Other Essays . Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press .

———( 1968) Criteria for Scientific Development. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Weber, M. (1968) Big Science, Little Science. New York: Columbia Univ. Press.

———( 1963) Gessamelte aufsatze zur religionssoziologie. Tubingen: J.C.B. Mohr. Borbemerkung, 1. (Originally published 1920)