The Alternate Forms of the Positive and Negative Mood Scales: Reliability,Validity,and Equivalence in Nonreferred Samples

Abstract

The psychometric characteristics of the positive and negative mood scales of the trait version of the State Trait-Depression Adjective Check Lists (ST-DACL) were studied in three nonreferred age groups (i.e., adolescents, college students, and the elderly). Reliability (i.e., internal consistency, test-retest, and alternate form) for both the positive and negative mood scales was high. Validity of both mood scales, as determined by the appropriate level and direction of correlations with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CED-D), the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and the Profile of Mood States (POMS), was moderate. Correlations with the Positive and Negative Affect Scales (PANAS) indicated substantial common variance (i.e., from 41% to 74% for the positive mood scales, from 59% to 69% for the negative mood scales). Equivalence of the various positive and negative mood scales was established by the finding of nonsignificant differences among the means as well as high alternate form correlations.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Bates

Stevens

(1989). Illusion and well being: Toward a new agenda for mental health. Journal of Counseling and Development, 67, 590–591.

Beck

A. T.

Steer

R. A.

Garbin

M. G.

(1988). Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review, 8, 77–100.

Beck

A. T.

Ward

II Mendelson

Mock

Erbaugh

(1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561–571.

Challis

B. H.

Krane

R.V.

(1988). Mood induction and the priming of semantic memory in a lexical decision task: Asymmetric effects of elation and depression. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 26, 309–312.

Clark

L. A.

Watson

(1988). Mood and the mundane: Relations between daily life events and self-reported mood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 296–308.

Cunningham

M. R.

(1988). What do you do when you're happy or blue? Mood, expectancies, and behavioral interest. Motivation and Emotion, 12, 309–312.

Cunningham

M. R.

Shaffer

D. R.

Barbee

A. P.

Wolf

P. L.

(1990). Separate processes in the relation of elation and depression to helping: Social versus personal concerns. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 26, 13–33.

Devins

G. M.

Orme

C. M.

(1985). Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. In Keyser

D. J.

Sweetland

R. C.

(Eds.), Test critiques (Vol. 2, pp. 144–160). Kansas City, MO: Test Corporation of America.

Diener

(1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542–575.

10.

Ellis

J. B.

Range

L. M.

(1989). Does mood affect reasons for living? Yes. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 3, 223–232.

11.

Gurtman

M. B.

(1985). Self-rating Depression Scale. In Keyser

D. J.

Sweetland

R. C.

(Eds.), Test critique (Vol. 3, pp. 595–603). Kansas City, MO: Test Corporation of America.

12.

Lubin

(1981). Manual for the Depression Adjective Check Lists (2nd ed.). San Diego, CA: EdITS.

13.

Lubin

(1994). Professional manual for the State Trait-Depression Adjective Check Lists. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.

14.

Madigan

R. J.

Bollenbach

A. K.

(1986). The effects of induced mood on irrational thoughts and views of the world. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 10, 547–562.

15.

Margolin

John

R. S.

Gleberman

(1988). Affective responses to conflictual discussions in violent and non-violent couples. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 24–33.

16.

McIntyre

C. W.

Watson

Cunningham

A. C.

(1990). The effects of social interaction, exercise, and test scores on positive and negative affect. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 28, 141–143.

17.

McNair

D. M.

Lorr

Droppleman

L. F.

(1971). Profile of Mood States. San Diego, CA: EdITS.

18.

Meisler

A. W.

Carey

M. P.

(1991). Depressed affect and male sexual arousal. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 20, 541–554.

19.

Nemanick

R. C.

Jr. Munz

D. C.

(1994). Measuring the poles of negative and positive mood using the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule and Activation Deactivation Adjective Check List. Psychological Reports, 74, 195–199.

20.

Peterson

R. A.

Headen

S. W.

(1984). Profile of Mood States. In Keyser

D. J.

Sweetland

R. C.

(Eds.), Test critiques (Vol. 1, pp. 522–535). Kansas City, MO: Test Corporation of America.

21.

Radloff

L. S.

(1977). The CES-D Scale: A new self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385–401.

22.

Watson

Clark

L. A.

Tellegen

(1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063–1070.

23.

Watson

Tellegen

(1985). Toward a consensual structure of mood. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 219–235.

24.

Whitlock

R. V.

Lubin

Noble

(1995). Factor analysis of the ST-Depression Adjective Check Lists. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51, 614–625.

25.

Whitlock

R. V.

Lubin

Warner

(1993). Equivalency of the forms of Set 1 of the Depression Adjective Check Lists. Psychological Reports, 72, 897–898.

26.

Zevon

M. A.

Tellegen

(1982). The structure of mood change: An idiographic/nomothetic analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 111–122.

27.

Zung

W. W. K.

(1965). A self-rating depression scale. Archives of General Psychiatry, 12, 63–70.