A PRISMA-Based Review of Empathic Intervention in Driving Contexts

Abstract

Driving is an emotionally charged activity where both positive and negative emotions can impact safety and performance. Empathic interventions, particularly those utilizing in-vehicle agents, have emerged as a promising approach to regulate drivers’ emotions and enhance road safety. Utilizing the PRISMA framework, we systematically reviewed studies from various databases and additional sources, ultimately including 16 papers for in-depth analysis. Brief highlights from these works underscore the range of methods employed—from voice-based dialogs to non-verbal cues—and the importance of aligning intervention timing and modality with driver affect. This synthesis provides a foundation for understanding current practices and identifies gaps for further exploration. By illuminating how empathic techniques can be integrated into automotive systems, this research contributes to the design of safer, more supportive in-vehicle technologies and lays the groundwork for advancing driver-centered innovation in the field.