The authors' research explores the applicability of Inkeles and
Smith's individual modernity paradigm to women and men in the
People's Republic of China. The authors' analysis of questionnaire
data demonstrates that, for the Chinese male respondents, individ
ual modernity scales can be constructed that are highly reliable and
that are essentially the same in structure and content as the overall
modernity scales created for the (exclusively male) respondents in
the six nonsocialist developing countries included in the original
study. Also, despite some minor variations, there is a very high
degree of similarity in the structure, content, and reliability of scales
constructed independently for the male and female respondents.
Finally, on the basis of these results, the authors construct gender-
neutral individual modernity scales based on the entire sample.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Ash, R.F. (1991). The peasant and the state. China Quarterly, 127, 493-526.
2.
Ash, R.F. (1992). The agricultural sector in China: Performance and policy dilemmas during the 1990s. China Quarterly, 131, 545-576.
3.
Cell, C. (1977). Revolution at work: Mobilization campaigns in China. New York: Academic Press .
4.
Chan, A., Madsen, R., & Unger, J. (1992). Chen village under Mao and Deng. Berkeley: University of California Press.
5.
Davis, D. (1990). Urban job mobility. In D. Davis & E. Vogel (Eds.), Chinese society on the eve of Tiananmen: The impact of reform (pp. 85-108). Cambridge, MA: Council on East Asian Studies/ Harvard University.
6.
Davis, D. (1992). Job mobility in post-Mao Chinese cities: Increases on the margins. China Quarterly, 132, 1062-1085.
7.
Davis, D., & Harrell, S. (Eds.). (1993). Chinese families in the post-Mao era. Berkeley: University of California Press.
8.
Gold, T.B. (1990). Urban private business and social change. In D. Davis & E. Vogel (Eds.), Chinese society on the eve of Tiananmen: The impact of reform (pp.157-178). Cambridge, MA: Council on East Asian Studies/ Harvard University.
9.
Harrell, S. (1985). Why do the Chinese work so hard? Modern China, 11, 203-226.
10.
Huang, S. (1989). The spiral road: Change in a Chinese village through the eyes of a Communist Party leader. Boulder, CO: Westview.
11.
Inkeles, A. (1983). Exploring individual modernity. New York: Columbia University Press.
12.
Inkeles, A., & Smith, D.H. (1974). Becoming modern. London: Heinemann.
13.
Kohn, M., Maoi, A., Schoenbach, C., Schooler, C., & Slomczynski, K.M. (1990). Position in the class structure and psychological functioning in the United States, Japan, and Poland. American Journal of Sociology, 95, 964-1008.
14.
Kohn, M., & Slomczynski, K.M. (1990). Social structure and self-direction: A comparative analysis of the United States and Poland. Cambridge, MA: BasilBlackwell .
15.
Meisner, M. (1986). Mao's China and after: A history of the People's Republic. New York: Free Press.
16.
Munro, D. (1977). The concept of man in contemporary China. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
17.
Parish, W. L. (Ed.). (1985). Chinese rural development: The great transformation. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.
18.
Parish, W.L., & Whyte, M.K. (1978). Village and family in contemporary China. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
19.
Perry, E., & Wong, C. (1985). The political economy of reform in post-Mao China . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
20.
Potter, S.H., & Potter, J.M. (1990). China's peasants: The anthropology of a revolution . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
21.
Price, R.F. (1970). Education in Communist China. New York and Washington, DC: Praeger.
22.
Shirk, S. (1989). The political economy of Chinese industrial reform . In V Nee & D. Stark (Eds.), Remaking the economic institutions of socialism (pp. 328-362). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
23.
Siu, H. ( 1990). The politics of migration in a market town. In D. David & E. Vogel (Eds.), Chinese society on the eve of Tiananmen: The impact of reform (pp. 61-82). Cambridge, MA: Council on East Asian Studies/ Harvard University.
24.
Walder, A.G. (1986). Communist neo-traditionalism: Work and authority in Chinese industry. Berkeley: University of California Press.
25.
Walder, A.G. (1989). The political sociology of the Beijing upheaval of 1989. Problems of Communism, 38(5), 30-40.
26.
Walder, A.G. (1991). Workers, managers and the state: The reform era and the political crisis of 1989. China Quarterly, 127, 467-492.
27.
Whyte, M.K. (1974). Small groups and political rituals in China. Berkeley : University of California Press.
28.
Whyte, M.K. (1990). The social sources of the student demonstrations . In A. J. Kane (Ed.), China briefing (pp. 47-63). Boulder, CO: Westview .
29.
Whyte, M.K., & Parish, W.L. (1984). Urban life in contemporary China. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
