Kidney Volume Correlates With Tumor Diameter in Renal Cell Carcinoma and Is Associated With Histological Poor Prognostic Features

Abstract

We aimed to correlate kidney volume (KV) in renal cell carcinoma nephrectomy specimens with tumor diameter (TD), macroscopic growth pattern, and histological features associated with poor prognosis. Histopathology reports, macroscopic specimen photographs, and selected glass slides were retrospectively reviewed. KV was approximated to the volume of an ellipsoid. A total of 273 specimens were identified with median KV 245 cm³. Kidneys larger than this contained larger tumors (7.5 vs 4.5 cm). KV was significantly greater in tumors of high grade, involving perinephric fat, exhibiting venous invasion, and involving renal sinus. There was a robust linear correlation between KV and TD (r = 0.602) and a weaker correlation between kidney diameter (KD) and TD (r = 0.53). In pT1 tumors, KV (r = 0.40) also correlated better with TD than did KD (r = 0.27). By multiple regression analysis, both TD and venous invasion independently predicted both KD (R² = 38.27%) and KV (R² = 51.97%). KV and KD correlate well with TD and histopathological features of aggressiveness, although KD correlates better overall and in the pT1 subset.