Introduction: The effects of being a parent can be observed in a wide range such as couple's relationships and gender role dynamics. The purpose of the present study is to compare the marital role expectations and power-sharing of married individuals who are in the transition to parenthood with those who do not have a child. Method: All participants (n = 265) have been married for less than five years. The participants are divided into two groups: married individuals without children (n = 178) and married individuals in the transition to parenthood (n = 87). Participants with their first child (0–36 months) are included in the transition to parenthood group. MANOVA and ANOVA are used in the analysis. Results: According to the results, parents in the transition to parenthood adopt more traditional roles than married individuals who do not have a child. The equality of power-sharing amongst the married individuals who are in the transition was lower than those who do not have a child. Further, there are no differences in terms of gender and the transition to parenthood status (have/do not have a child) joint effect for both dependent variables. In the transition to parenthood, while marital role expectations do not change in the first years of parenthood, power-sharing in the relationship decreases. Conclusion: The results of the study reveal that the transition to parenthood negatively affects gender roles and power-sharing dynamics of married individuals, -compared to married individuals who do not have a child-.
Arıcı-ŞahinF. (2017). Feminist yaklaşıma dayalı ilişki geliştirme programının güç paylaşımı, benlik yönelimleri ve çift uyumuna etkisi(Publication No. 483379). (Doctoral dissertation), Hacettepe University. Yöktez.
2.
Arıcı-ŞahinF.Keklikİ (2019). Conceptualization of power-sharing between partners in couple relationships: A scale development study in Turkey. Journal of Family Social Work, 22(3), 253–273. https://doi.org/10.1080/10522158.2018.1542649
3.
BaxterJ.HewittB.HaynesM. (2008). Life course transitions and housework: Marriage, parenthood, and time on housework. Journal of Marriage And Family, 70(2), 259–272. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2008.00479.x
4.
BlockJ. (2016). Relationship satisfaction and coparenting over the transition to parenthood: Depression, division of labor, and child temperament as moderators. (Doctoral Dissertation), Old Dominion University.
5.
BushK. R.PriceC. A.PriceS. J.McKenryP. C. (2017). Families coping with change: A conceptual overview. In PriceC. A.BushK. R.PriceS. J. (Eds.), Families & change (5th ed., pp. 28–53). Sage.
6.
BüyüköztürkŞAkgünÖEDemirelF.KaradenizŞÇakmakE. K. (2008). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pegem Akademi.
7.
ChoiP.HenshawC.BakerS.TreeJ. (2005). Supermum, superwife, supereverything: Performing femininity in the transition to motherhood. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 23(2), 1671–1680. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646830500129487
8.
CrohanS., E. (1996). Marital quality and conflict across the transition to parenthood in African American and White couples. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 933–944. https://doi.org/10.2307/353981
9.
CowanP. A.CowanC. P. (2000). When partners become parents: The big life change for couples. Lawrance Erlbaum Associates.
10.
ÇiçekB.ÇopurZ. (2018). Bireylerin kadınların çalışmasına ve toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin tutumları. International Journal of Eurasian Education and Culture, 3(4), 1–21. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ijoeec/issue/37148/428498.
11.
DeutschF. M.KokotA. P.BinderK. S. (2007). College women’s plans for different types of egalitarian marriages. Journal of Marriage and Family, 69(4), 916–929. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2007.00421.x
12.
DewJ.WilcoxW. B. (2011). If momma ain't happy: Explaining declines in marital satisfaction among new mothers. Journal of Marriage and Family, 73(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00782.x
13.
DurC. (2020). Evli bireylerde eşe kendini açma ve eş tükenmişliği(Publication No. 617757). (Master’s Dissertation), Hacettepe University. Yöktez.
ErzeybekB.ÇifçiE. G. (2019). Akademisyen kadınların toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri ve evlilik uyumu. Sosyal Çalışma Dergisi, 3(1), 61–80. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/scd/issue/46396/492795.
FairclothC. (2015). Negotiating intimacy, equality, and sexuality in the transition to parenthood. Sociological Research Online, 20(4), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.5153/sro.3705
18.
FairclothC. (2020). When equal partners become unequal parents: Couple relationships and intensive parenting culture. Families, Relationships, and Societies, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1332/204674319X15761552010506
19.
FeldmanR.SussmanA. L.ZiglerE. (2004). Paternal leave and work adaptation at the transition to parenthood: Individual, marital, and social correlated. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 25(4), 459–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2004.06.004
GladdingS. T. (2012). Aile Terapisi: Tarihi, Kuram ve Uygulamaları. (İ. Keklik & İ. Yıldırım, Trans.). Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Derneği. (Original work published 1995).
22.
HussB.Pollmann-SchultM. (2019). Relationship satisfaction across the transition to parenthood: The impact of conflict behavior. Journal of Family İssues, 41(3), 383–411. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X19876084
Katz-WiseS. L.PriessH. A.HydeJ. S. (2010). Gender-role attitudes and behavior across the transition to parenthood. Developmental Psychology, 46(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017820
26.
KaźmierczakM.KarasiewiczK. (2019). Making space for a new role–gender differences in identity changes in couples transitioning to parenthood. Journal of Gender Studies, 28(3), 271–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2018.1441015
27.
KeizerR.DykstraP. A.PoortmanA. R. (2010). The transition to parenthood and well-being: The impact of partner status and work hour transitions. Journal of Family Psychology, 24(4), 429–438. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020414
28.
KılbitmezR. (2018). Çalışan evli kadınların evlilik doyumu düzeylerinin demografik değişkenler ve ev içi paylaşım üzerinden yordanması(Publication No. 535099.). (Master’s Dissertation), Bahceshir University. Yöktez.
29.
KılıçaslanA. (2007). Ebeveynliğe geçiş döneminin çeşitli doğum öncesi ve doğum sonrası etkenler açısından incelenmesi. (Publication No. 214122). (Doctoral Dissertation), Istanbul University. Yöktez.
30.
KimE. H.CheungA. K. (2019). The gendered division of household labor over parenthood transitions: A longitudinal study in South Korea. Population Research and Policy Review, 38(4), 459–482. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-018-095089
31.
Knudson-MartinC. (2013). Why power matters: Creating a foundation of mutual support in couple relationships. Family Process, 52(1), 5–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12011
32.
Knudson-MartinC.HuenergardtD. (2010). A socio-emotional approach to couple therapy: Linking social context and couple interaction. Family Process, 49(3), 369–384. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2010.01328.x
33.
KolukırıkÜ.ŞimşekH.ErgörA. (2018). Doğum sonrası dönemdeki annelerde depresif belirtilerle ilişkili etmenler: Toplum tabanlı kesitsel bir çalışma. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 33(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5505/deutfd.2019.30092
34.
KöksalB. (2017). Evlilik rol beklentileri ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi (Publication No. 481311). (Master’s Dissertation), Gazi Osman Pasa University. Yöktez.
35.
KühhirtM. (2012). Childbirth and the long-term division of labour within couples: How do substitution, bargaining power, and norms affect parents’ time allocation in West Germany?European Sociological Review, 28(5), 565–582. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcr026
36.
LévesqueS.BissonV.ChartonL.FernetM. (2020). Parenting and relational well-being during the transition to parenthood: Challenges for first-time parents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29, 1938–1956. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-020-01727-z
37.
MeierF.MilekA.Rauch-AndereggV.Benz-FragnièreC.NieuwenboomJ. W.SchmidH.BodenmannG. (2020). Fair enough? Decreased equity of dyadic coping across the transition to parenthood associated with depression of first-time parents. PLoS One, 15(2), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227342
38.
MillerB. C.SollieD. L. (1986). Developmental life transitions: Career choice, and parenthood. In MossR. H. (Ed.), Coping with the life crises: An integrated approach (1st ed., pp. 97–139). Springer.
39.
ÖzmeteE.Zubaroğlu-YanardağM. (2016). Erkeklerin bakış açısıyla toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri: Kadın ve erkek olmanın değeri. Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 20(1), 91–107. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tsadergisi/issue/21499/230533
40.
PallantJ. (2017). SPSS kullanma kılavuzu: SPSS ile adım adım veri analizi. (S. Balcı, & B. Ahi, Trans.). Anı Yayıncılık. (Original work published 2001).
41.
PedersenD. E. (2012). The good mother, the good father, and the good parent: Gendered definitions of parenting. Journal of Feminist Family Therapy, 24(3), 230–246. https://doi.org/10.1080/08952833.2012.648141
42.
Pekel-UludağlıN. (2017). Baba katılımında etkili faktörler ve baba katılımının baba, anne ve çocuk açısından yararları. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 20(39), 70–92. https://www.psikolog.org.tr/tr/yayinlar/dergiler/1031828/tpy1301996120170000m000034.pdf
43.
PeralesF.JarallahY.BaxterJ. (2018). Men’s and women’s gender-role attitudes across the transition to parenthood: Accounting for child’s gender. Social Forces, 97(1), 251–276. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soy015
44.
PetersonG. W. (2017). Conceptualizing parental stress with family stress theory. In PriceC. A.BushK. R.PriceS. J. (Eds.), Families & change (5th ed., pp. 84–114). Sage.
Rauch-AndereggV.KuhnR.MilekA.HalfordW. K.BodenmannG. (2019). Relationship behaviors across the transition to parenthood. Journal of Family Issues, 41(4), 483–506. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X19878864
SevónE. (2011). My life has changed, but his life hasn’t’: Making sense of the gendering of parenthood during the transition to motherhood. Feminism & Psychology, 22(1), 60–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959353511415076
49.
SönmezB. (2020). Romantik ilişkilerde güç dengesi. Erzurum Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11, 28–42. https://doi.org/10.29157/etusbe.2020.53
50.
SunY.YoshitakeN.SugawaraM.MatsumotoS.SakaiA.TakaokaJ.GotoN. (2019). Quality of life in Japanese couples during the transition to parenthood. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 37(2), 161–175. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2018.1540862
51.
TabachnickB. G.FidellL. S. (2015). Çok değişkenli istatistiklerin kullanımı. (M. Baloğlu, Trans.). Nobel. (Original work published 2013).
Türkiye Statistical Institute (2018b). Annenin Evlilik Süresine Göre Doğumlar.
54.
UlusoyM. N. (2010). Doğum sonrası altı aylık dönemde postpartum depresyon sıklığının bebeklerin beslenme ve büyümesi ile ilişkisinin longitudinal incelenmesi(Publication No. 260566). (Master’s Dissertation), Selcuk University. Yöktez.
55.
WalzerS. (1998). Thinking about the baby: Gender and transitions into parenthood women in the political economy. Temple University Press.
56.
Western (2014). A Life-changing event: First births and men's and women's attitudes to mothering and gender divisions of labor. Social Forces 93(3) 989–1014. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/sou103
57.
YavorskyJ. E.Kamp-DushC. M.Schoppe-SullivanS. J. (2015). The production of inequality: The gender division of labor across the transition to parenthood. Journal of Marriage and Family, 77(3), 662–679. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12189
