Therapeutic Dosing of Pralidoxime Chloride

Abstract

Pralidoxime chloride is a useful agent in the treatment of organophosphate poisoning. Poisindex, a widely used poisoning treatment resource, recommends dosing pralidoxime chloride as an intermittent iv infusion every 8–12 hours, whereas other authors have used continuous iv infusion with good results. Available animal data suggest that a serum concentration of 4 μg/ml may be a minimal level to protect against the toxic effects of organophosphates. Pharmacokinetic simulations, based on parameters obtained from healthy nonpoisoned subjects, show that pralidoxime levels fall rapidly to <4 μg/ml within 1.5–2 hours after a 1-g iv bolus. Continuous iv infusion (0.5 g/h) maintains pralidoxime levels >4 μg/ml throughout the length of infusion. We conclude that continuous iv infusion of pralidoxime chloride may be the preferred method of administration in patients with acute organophosphate poisoning. Clinical trials will be necessary to document the effectiveness of this regimen.