Influence of Formulation on Therapeutic Activity: 4. Dosage of Drugs in Infants,Children and Adults

Levin B. , and Neill C. A. : Oral Penicillin in Newborn, Arch. Diseases Children 24: 171–179, 1949.

Hunt A. D. Jr. , and Fell M. B. : Streptomycin Intramuscular Dosage per Unit Body Weight Correlated with Serum Levels in Infants and Children, Pediatrics 4: 163–169, 1949.

Brown A. K. , and Zueler W. W. : Studies on Neonatal Development of Glucuronide Conjugating System, J. Clin. Invest. 37: 332–340, 1958.

Driscoll S. G. , and Hsia D. Y. Y. : Development of Enzyme Systems During Early Infancy, Pediatrics 22: 785–845, 1958.

Kretchmer H. : Enzymatic Patterns During Development: Approach to Biochemical Definition of Immaturity, Pediatrics 23: 606–617, 1959.

Fouts J. R. , and Adamson R. H. : Drug Metabolism in Newborn Rabbit, Science 129: 897–898, 1959.

Weiss C. F. , Glazko A. J. , and Weston J. K. : Chloramphenicol in the Newborn Infant. A Physiologic Explanation of Its Toxicity When Given in Excessive Doses, New Engl. J. Med. 262: 787–794, 1960.

Eichenwald H. F. , and Shinefield H. R. : Antimicrobial Therapy in Neonatal Period, Pediat. Clin. N. Am. 8: 509–523, 1961.

Nyhan W. L. : Toxicity of Drugs in Neonatal Period, J. Pediat. 59: 1–20, 1961.

Sutherland J. M. , and Mohlman Y. M. : Antimicrobial Therapy in Newborn Infant, Pediat. Clin. N. Am. 8: 1143–1160, 1961.

Ziegra S. R. , and Storm R. R. : Dosage of Chloramphenicol in Premature Infants, J. Pediat. 58: 852–857, 1961.

Hodgman J. E. , and Burns L. E. : Safe and Effective Chloramphenicol Dosages for Premature Infants, Am. J. Diseases Children 101: 140–148, 1961.

Burns L. , and Hodgman J. E. : Studies in Prematures Given Erythromycin Estolate, Am. J. Diseases Children 106: 280–288, 1963.

Cohlan S. Q. , Bevelander G. , and Tiamsic T. : Growth Inhibition of Prematures Receiving Tetracycline, Am. J. Diseases Children 105: 453–461, 1963.

Fujii R. , Konno M. , Matuzaki M. , Takeshita M. , and Uno S. : The Absorption and the Excretion of Intramuscularly Administered Chloramphenicol in the Pediatric Age, Especially in the Newborn and Premature Infants, J. Antibiotics (Tokyo) Ser. B. 16: 371–377, 1963.

Medovy H. : Therapeutic Hazards for the Nursery Infant, Postgrad. Med. 34: 537–545, 1963.

Dearborn E. H. , and Bagdon R. E. : Safety Evaluation of Drugs in the Newborn, presented before the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association, Research and Development Section, White Sulphur Springs, W. Va., November 4-6, 1963.

Percy A. K. , and Yaffe S. J. : Sulfate Metabolism During the Mammalian Development, Pediatrics 33: 965–968, 1964.

Aarskog D. , Stoa K. F. , and Thorsen T. : Cortisol Metabolism in the Newborn. Urinary Excretion of Free and Conjugated Compounds Following Intravenous Administration of Cortisol-4-¹⁴C, Acta Endocrinol. 45: 286–296, 1964.

Yaffe S. J. : Antibiotic Dosage in Newborn and Premature Infants, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 193: 818–820, 1965.

von Harnack G. A. , Naumann P. , Mai K. : Blood Levels of Oxacillin in the First Three Months of Life, German Med. Monthly 10: 499–502, 1965.

Sereni F. L. , Perletti L. , Manfredi N. : Tissue Distribution and Urinary Excretion of a Tetracycline Derivative in New Born and Older Infants, J. Pediat. 67: 299–305, 1965.

Nitowsky M. D. , Matz L. , and Berzofsky J. A. : Studies on Oxidative1 Drug Metabolism in the Full-Term Newborn Infant, J. Pediat. 69: 1139–1149, 1966.

Vest M. : Metabolism and Therapeutic Effect of a Long-Acting Sulfonamide, 4-Sulfanilamide-5,6-Dimethoxy-pyrimidine (Fanasil) in Infants and Children, Schweiz. Med. Wochschr. 96: 920–928, 1966.

Hjelm M. , and Sjolin S. : Changes in the Elimination Rate from Blood of Intravenously Injected Galactose During the Neonatal Period, Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 18: 126, 1966 (Suppl. 92).

Axline S. G. , Yaffe S. J. , and Simon H. J. : Clinical Pharmacology of Antimicrobials in Premature Infants: II. Ampicillin, Methicillin, Oxacillin, Neomycin and Colistin, Pediatrics 39: 91–107, 1967.

Flynn M. A. , Hanna F. M. , and Lutz R. N. : Estimation of Body Water Compartments of Preschool Children, Am. J. Clin. Nutrition 20: 1125–1128, 1967.

Harvey C. , Doherty J. E. , Char F. , and Perkins W. H. : Studies with Tritiated Digoxin in Infants, Clin. Res. 16: 28, 1968.

Pearson K. : Mathematical Contributions to the Theory of Evolution. On A Form of Spurious Correlation Which May Arise When Indices Are Used in the Measurement of Organs, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) 60: 489–498, 1897.

Dreyer G. , and Walker E. W. A. : The Dosage of Drugs, Toxins and Antitoxins, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) 87: 51–72, 1914.

Du Bois D. , and Du Bois E. F. : A Formula to Estimate the Approximate Surface Area if Height and Weight be Known, Arch. Internal Med. 17: 863–871, 1916.

Boyd E. : Growth of the Surface Area of the Human Body, Institute of Child Welfare Monograph Series #10, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1935.

Tanner J. M. : Fallacy of Per-Weight and Per-Surface Area Standards, and Their Relation to Spurious Correlation, J. Appl. Physiol. 2: 1–15, 1949.

Crawford J. D. , Terry M. E. , and Rourke G. M. : Simplification of Drug Dosage Calculation by Application of the Surface Area Principle, Pediatrics 5: 783–789, 1950.

Oliver W. J. , Graham B. D. , and Wilson J. L. : Lack of Scientific Validity of Body Surface Area as Basis for Parenteral Fluid Dosage, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 167: 1211–1218, 1958.

Anon,.: The Surface Area of the Body (editorial), J. Am. Med. Assoc. 167: 1248, 1958.

Forbes G. B. : Body Surface Area as Basis for Dosage, Pediatrics 23: 3–5, 1959.

Pinkel D. : Body Surface and Dosage: Pragmatic View, Quart. Rev. Pediat. 14: 187–189, 1959.

Talbot N. B. , and Richie R. H. : The Advantages of Surface Area of the Body as a Basis of Calculating Pediatric Dosages, Pediatrics 24: 495–495, 1959.

Butler A. M. , and Richie R. H. : Simplification and Improvement in Estimating Drug Dosage and Dietary Allowances for Patients of Varying Sizes, New Engl. J. Med. 262: 903–908, 1960.

Glazko A. J. : Simplified Procedures for Calculating Drug Dosage from Body Weight in Infancy and Childhood, Pediatrics 27: 503–506, 1961.

Paget G. E. , and Barnes J. M. : Toxicity Tests, in “Evaluation of Drug Activities: Pharmacometrics,” Laurence D. R. , and Bocharach A. L. , eds., New York, Academic Press, Vol. 1, 1964, p. 161.

Dearborn E. H. , and Bagdon R. E. : Safety Evaluation of Drugs in the Newborn, presented before the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association, Research and Development Section, White Sulphur Springs, W. Va., November 4-6, 1963.

Shirkey H. C. : Drug Dosage in Infants and Children, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 193: 443–446, 1965.

Freireich J. , Gehan E. A. , Rail D. P. , Schmidt L. A. , and Skipper H. E. : Quantitative Comparison of Toxicity of Anticancer Agents in Mouse, Rat, Hamster, Dog, Monkey and Man, Cancer Chemotherapy Repts. 50: 219–244, 1966.

Snively W.D. : Body Surface As a Yardstick for Dosage, Pediatric News April 1967.

Shirkey H. C. : Body Surface Area Teaching in Pediatrics, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 201: 980, 1967.

Leach R. N. , and Wood B. S. B. : Drug Dosage for Children, Lancet 2: 1350–1351 (Dec. 23) 1967.

Romanoff L. P. , Morris C. W. , Welch P. : Metabolism of Progesterone-4-¹⁴C in Young and Elderly Men, J. Clin. Endocrinol. 23: 286–292, 1963.

Forbes G. B. : Growth of the Lean Body Mass During Childhood and Adolescence, J. Pediat. 64: 822–827, 1964.

Sapp O. L. III , Seasions J. T. Jr. , and Rose J. W. Jr. : Effect of Aging on Intestinal Absorption of Sugars, Clin. Res. 12: 31, 1964 (#1).

Bender A. D. : Pharmacological Aspects of Aging: A Survey of the Effect of Increasing Age on Drug Activity in Adults, J. Am. Geriat. Soc. 12: 114–134, 1964.

Reiter T. , Horn H. , Ben-Uzilio R. , and Finkelstein M. : Plasma Levels of Testosterone in Aging Male Patients Following Implantation of Testosterone (Letters), J. Am. Geriat. Soc. 12: 515–516, 1964.

Avioli L. V. , McDonald J. E. , and Lee S. W. : The Influence of Age on the Intestinal Absorption of ⁴⁷Ca in Women and Its Relation to Calcium Absorption in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis, J, Clin. Invest. 44: 1960–1967, 1965.

Ewy G. A. , Marcus F. I. , and Kapadia G. : Digoxin Metabolism in the Elderly, Clin. Res. 16: 27, 1968.

Guth P. H. : Physiologic Alterations in Small Bowel Function with Age: The Absorption of D-Xylose, Clin. Res. 16: 117, 1968.