Midostaurin in Combination With Standard Chemotherapy for Treatment of Newly Diagnosed FMS-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 (FLT3) Mutation–Positive Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of midostaurin in combination with standard cytarabine and daunorubicin induction and cytarabine consolidation in newly diagnosed FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Data Source: A literature search of PubMed and MEDLINE (September 2017) was performed using the terms midostaurin, PKC412, FLT3 gene, and acute myeloid leukemia. Study Selection/Data Extraction: Clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of midostaurin in combination with standard cytarabine and daunorubicin induction and cytarabine consolidation were reviewed for the treatment of newly diagnosed FLT3-mutated AML. All peer-reviewed articles with clinically relevant information were evaluated for inclusion. Data Synthesis: Midostaurin is a multikinase inhibitor also targeting FLT3 indicated for the treatment of newly diagnosed FLT3-mutated AML. A phase III trial illustrated that midostaurin in combination with standard chemotherapy improved event-free survival, disease-free survival, and overall survival in patients with newly diagnosed FLT3-mutation–positive AML compared with standard chemotherapy alone. However, midostaurin did not show a difference in the rate of patients who proceeded to receive an allogeneic stem cell transplant compared with placebo. There was no significant difference in toxicity between the midostaurin and placebo groups, except that more patients experienced grade 3 to 5 anemia and rash with midostaurin. Conclusions: Midostaurin in combination with standard induction and consolidation is safe and efficacious in newly diagnosed FLT3-mutated AML.