Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

Working while ill (presenteeism) with symptoms of influenza-like illness can contribute to outbreaks, but little is known about school nurse presenteeism. Missouri Association of School Nurses members (N = 396) were sent a survey in 2013/2014. A chi square test was conducted to compare having a school culture that encourages presenteeism versus actual sick leave policies. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to delineate factors associated with presenteeism. In total, 133 school nurses participated (33.6% response rate). Almost half (42.1%, n = 56) reported presenteeism. Nurses were more likely to feel pressure to engage in presenteeism than reported punitive sick leave policies (14.3% vs. 3.8%, χ² = 18.3, p < .001). Presenteeism was associated with perceived pressure, odds ratio (OR) = 4.8, confidence interval (CI) = [1.5, 15.8], p < .01, and having a mild illness, OR = 3.6, CI = [1.4, 9.7], p = .01. Many school nurses engage in presenteeism, and this appears to be associated with organizational cultural norms rather than established sick leave policies.

Keywords

infectious disease seasonal influenza vaccine outbreaks public health school nursing

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Ablah

Konda

Tinius

Long

Vermie

Burbach

(2008). Influenza vaccine coverage and presenteeism in Sedgwick County, Kansas. American Journal of Infection Control, 36, 588–591. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2007.12.003

Ahmed

Lindley

M. C.

Allred

Weinbaum

C. M.

Grohskopf

(2014). Effect of influenza vaccination of healthcare personnel on morbidity and mortality among patients: Systematic review and grading of evidence. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 58, 50–57. doi:10.1093/cid/cit580

Allegranzi

Pittet

(2009). Role of hand hygiene in healthcare-associated infection prevention. Journal of Hospital Infection, 73, 305–315. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2009.04.019

Baron-Epel

Bord

Madjar

Habib

Rishpon

(2012). What lies behind the low rates of vaccinations among nurses who treat infants? Vaccine, 30, 3151–3154. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.02.074

Bayliss

Carr

Edeghere

Knapper

Nye

Harvey

… Duggal

(2015). School outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 with high levels of transmission, Staffordshire, England, February 2012. Journal of Public Health (Oxford, England). doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdv122

Bergstrom

Bodin

Hagberg

Lindh

Aronsson

Josephson

(2009). Does sickness presenteeism have an impact on future general health? International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 82, 1179–1190. doi:10.1007/s00420-009-0433-6

Brborovic

Brumen

Pavlekovic

Mustajbegovic

(2014). Are nurse presenteeism and patient safety culture associated: A cross-sectional study. Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 65, 149–156. doi:10.2478/10004-1254-65-2014-2462

Brooks

Hagen

S. E.

Sathyanarayanan

Schultz

A. B.

Edington

D. W.

(2010). Presenteeism: Critical issues. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 52, 1055–1067. doi:10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181f475cc

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). Influenza-associated pediatric deaths–United States, September 2010-August 2011. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 60, 1233–1238.

10.

Crout

L. A.

Chang

Cioffi

(2005). Why do registered nurses work when ill? Journal of Nursing Administration, 35, 23–28.

11.

d’Errico

Viotti

Baratti

Mottura

Barocelli

A. P.

Tagna

… Converso

(2013). Low back pain and associated presenteeism among hospital nursing staff. Journal of Occupational Health, 55, 276–283.

12.

Day

(2006). Doctors are told to ditch “disease spreading” neckties. British Medical Journal, 332, 442. doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7539.442-b

13.

Demerouti

le Blanc

Bakker

Schaufeli

Hox

(2009). Present but sick: A three-wave study on job demands, presenteeism and burnout. Career Development International, 14, 50–68. doi:10.1108/13620430910933574

14.

de Perio

M. A.

Wiegand

D. M.

Brueck

S. E.

(2014). Influenza-like illness and presenteeism among school employees. American Journal of Infection Control, 42, 450–452. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2013.11.012

15.

Ellingson

Haas

J. P.

Aiello

A. E.

Kusek

Maragakis

L. L.

Olmsted

R. N.

… Yokoe

D. S.

(2014). Strategies to prevent healthcare-associated infections through hand hygiene. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 35, 937–960. doi:10.1086/651677

16.

Fenelon

Holcroft

Waters

(2009). Contamination of stethoscopes with MRSA and current disinfection practices. Journal of Hospital Infection, 71, 376–378. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2008.11.009

17.

Forsythe

Calnan

Wall

(1999). Doctors as patients: Postal survey examining consultants and general practitioners adherence to guidelines. British Medical Journal, 319, 605–608.

18.

Goldmann

(2006). System failure versus personal accountability—The case for clean hands. New England Journal of Medicine, 355, 121–123. doi:10.1056/NEJMp068118

19.

Gould

D. J.

Moralejo

Drey

Chudleigh

J. H.

(2010). Interventions to improve hand hygiene compliance in patient care. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CD005186. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005186.pub3

20.

Griffin

M. R.

(2014). Influenza vaccination of healthcare workers: Making the grade for action. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 58, 58–60. doi:10.1093/cid/cit590

21.

Gudegeon

Wells

D. A.

Baerlocher

M. O.

Detsky

A. S.

(2009). Do you come to work with a respiratory tract infection? Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 66, 424.

22.

Hansen

C. D.

Andersen

J. H.

(2008). Going ill to work – What personal circumstances, attitudes and work-related factors are associated with sickness presenteeism? Social Science & Medicine, 67, 956–964. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.05.022

23.

Healthy People 2020. (2015). Immunization and infectious diseases. Retrieved December 22, 2015, from http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/immunization-and-infectious-diseases/objectives

24.

Hemp

(2004). Presenteeism: At work—But out of it. Harvard Business Review, 82, 49–58, 155.

25.

Jena

A. B.

Baldwin

D. C.

Jr Daugherty

S. R.

Meltzer

D. O.

Arora

V. M.

(2010). Presenteeism among resident physicians. Journal of the American Medical Association, 304, 1166–1168. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.1315

26.

Johns

(2010). Presenteeism in the workplace: A review and research agenda. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31, 519–542. doi:10.1002/job.630

27.

Kumar

Grefenstette

J. J.

Galloway

Albert

S. M.

Burke

D. S.

(2013). Policies to reduce influenza in the workplace: Impact assessments using an agent-based model. American Journal of Public Health, 103, 1406–1411. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301269

28.

Landry

Miller

(2010). Presenteeism: Are we hurting the patients we are trying to help? Journal of General Internal Medicine, 25, 1142–1143. doi:10.1007/s11606-010-1487-6

29.

Laranjeira

C. A.

(2013). Validation of the Portuguese version of the Stanford presenteeism scale in nurses. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 19, 644–650. doi:10.1111/ijn.12117

30.

LaVela

Goldstein

Smith

Weaver

F. M.

(2007). Working with symptoms of a respiratory infection: Staff who care for high-risk individuals. American Journal of Infection Control, 35, 448–454. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2006.12.005

31.

Lemaitre

Meret

Rothan-Tondeur

Belmin

Lejonc

J. L.

Luquel

… Carrat

(2009). Effect of influenza vaccination of nursing home staff on mortality of residents: A cluster-randomized trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 57, 1580–1586. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02402.x

32.

Letvak

S. A.

Ruhm

C. J.

Gupta

S. N.

(2012). Nurses’ presenteeism and its effects on self-reported quality of care and costs. American Journal of Nursing, 112, 30–38; quiz 48, 39. doi:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000411176.15696.f9

33.

Martinez

L. F.

Ferreira

A. I.

(2012). Sick at work: Presenteeism among nurses in a Portuguese public hospital. Stress Health, 28, 297–304. doi:10.1002/smi.1432

34.

Maughan

Mangena

A. S.

(2014). The 2013 NASN school nurse survey. In Nurses

N. A. o. S.

(Ed.). Retrieved from http://nas.sagepub.com/content/29/2/76

35.

McDonald

L. C.

Simor

A. E.

I. J.

Maloney

Ofner

Chen

K. T.

… Jernigan

D. B.

(2004). SARS in healthcare facilities, Toronto and Taiwan. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 10, 777–781. doi:10.3201/eid1005.030791

36.

McLennan

Wicker

(2010). Reflections on the influenza vaccination of healthcare workers. Vaccine, 28, 8061–8064. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.10.019

37.

Miu-Ling

Kwok-Ming

Yuen-Kong

Shuk-Kwan

Lai-Key

Sik-On

(2014). An outbreak of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in a boarding school in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (China). Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal, 5, 1–6. doi:10.5365/WPSAR.2013.4.4.005

38.

Nulty

D. D.

(2008). The adequacy of response rates to online and paper surveys: What can be done? Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 33, 301–314. doi:10.1080/02602930701293231

39.

Rantanen

Tuominen

(2011). Relative magnitude of presenteeism and absenteeism and work-related factors affecting them among health care professionals. International Archives of Occupational & Environmental Health, 84, 225–230. doi:10.1007/s00420-010-0604-5

40.

Rebmann

Elliott

M. B.

Reddick

Swick

(2012). US school/academic institution disaster and pandemic preparedness and seasonal influenza vaccination among school nurses. American Journal of Infection Control, 40, 584–589. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2012.02.027

41.

Rebmann

Wilson

LaPointe

Russell

Moroz

(2009). Hospital infectious disease emergency preparedness: A 2007 survey of infection control professionals. American Journal of Infection Control, 37, 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2008.02.007

42.

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. (2010, 8). Unlocking the potential of school nursing: Keeping children healthy, in school, and ready to learn. Charting Nursing’s Future. Retrieved March 7, 2015, from http://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/issue_briefs/2010/rwjf64263

43.

Salgado

C. D.

Farr

B. M.

Hall

K. K.

Hayden

F. G.

(2002). Influenza in the acute hospital setting. Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2, 145–155.

44.

Smiddy

M. P.

O’Connell

Creedon

S. A.

(2015). Systematic qualitative literature review of health care workers’ compliance with hand hygiene guidelines. American Journal of Infection Control, 43, 269–274. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2014.11.007

45.

Smith

A. P.

Thomas

Brockman

Kent

Nicholson

K. G.

(1993). Effect of influenza B virus infection on human performance. British Medical Journal, 306, 760–761.

46.

Stewart

W. F.

Ricci

J. A.

Chee

Morganstein

Lipton

(2003). Lost productive time and cost due to common pain conditions in the US workforce. Journal of the American Medical Association, 290, 2443–2454. doi:10.1001/jama.290.18.2443

47.

Takayanagi

I. J.

Cardoso

M. R.

Costa

S. F.

Araya

M. E.

Machado

C. M.

(2007). Attitudes of health care workers to influenza vaccination: Why are they not vaccinated? American Journal of Infection Control, 35, 56–61. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2006.06.002

48.

Talbot

T. R.

Babcock

Caplan

A. L.

Cotton

Maragakis

L. L.

Poland

G. A.

… Weber

D. J.

(2010). Revised SHEA position paper: Influenza vaccination of healthcare personnel. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 31, 987–995. doi:10.1086/656558

49.

Teare

E. L.

Cookson

French

G. L.

Jenner

E. A.

Scott

Pallett

… Stone

(1999). UK handwashing initiative. Journal of Hospital Infection, 43, 1–3. doi:10.1053/jhin.1999.0251

50.

Thanner

M. H.

Links

J. M.

Meltzer

M. I.

Scheulen

J. J.

Kelen

G. D.

(2011). Understanding estimated worker absenteeism rates during an influenza pandemic. American Journal of Disaster Medicine, 6, 89–105.

51.

Turnberg

Daniell

Duchin

(2010). Influenza vaccination and sick leave practices and perceptions reported by health care workers in ambulatory care settings. American Journal of Infection Control, 38, 486–488. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2009.12.006

52.

Umann

Guido Lde

Grazziano Eda

(2012). Presenteeism in hospital nurses. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 20, 159–166.

53.

Wang

J. J.

Huan

S. K.

Hsieh

K. H.

Chou

H. C.

Hsiao

Jayakumar

Sheu

J. R.

(2013). Inhibitory effect of midazolam on MMP-9, MMP-1 and MMP-13 expression in PMA-stimulated human chondrocytes via recovery of NF-kappaB signaling. Archives of Medical Science, 9, 332–339. doi:10.5114/aoms.2012.30949

54.

Warren

C. L.

White-Means

S. I.

Wicks

M. N.

Chang

C. F.

Gourley

Rice

(2011). Cost burden of the presenteeism health outcome: Diverse workforce of nurses and pharmacists. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 53, 90–99. doi:10.1097/JOM.0b013e3182028d38

55.

Wicker

Marckmann

(2014). Influenza vaccination of healthcare personnel. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 10, 2627–2628. doi:10.4161/hv.28154

56.

Widera

Chang

Chen

H. L.

(2010). Presenteeism: A public health hazard. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 25, 1244–1247. doi:10.1007/s11606-010-1422-x

57.

Won

S.-P.

Chou

H.-C.

Hsieh

W.-S.

Chen

C.-Y.

Huang

S.-M.

Tsou

K.-I.

Tsao

P.-N.

(2004). Handwashing Program for the prevention of nosocomial infections in a neonatal intensive care unit. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 25, 742–746. doi:10.1086/502470

58.

Yang

Sugimoto

J. D.

Halloran

M. E.

Basta

N. E.

Chao

D. L.

Matrajt

… Longini

I. M.

Jr (2009). The transmissibility and control of pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus. Science, 326, 729–733. doi:10.1126/science.1177373

Presenteeism Attitudes and Behavior Among Missouri Kindergarten to Twelfth Grade (K–12) School Nurses

Abstract

Keywords

Get full access to this article

References