We study the integrity contours of two police in Eastern Europe that have experienced dramatically different democratic transitions. The democratic transition and reform of the police in the Czech Republic was largely self-imposed and occurred with relatively low levels of violence. Conversely, the experience in Bosnia and Herzegovina involved a war resulting in outside intervention and reform efforts orchestrated by the international community. The goal of this article is not only to review reforms of the Czech and Bosnian police in the context of and Kutnjak Ivković's organizational theory of police integrity but also to empirically measure the extent of integrity among the police in both countries. We survey 604 Czech police officers and 451 Bosnian police officers regarding their opinions about the seriousness of police corruption, the appropriate punishment such misconduct deserves and would receive, and their willingness to report misconduct.
Act of the Czech National Council of 21 June 1991 Regulating the Police of the Czech Republic (No. 283/1991). Retrieved February 20, 2004 , from http://www./mvcr.cz/dokument/index.html#z106
2.
Bayley, D. (1994). Police for the future. New York: Oxford University Press.
3.
Bayley, D. (2001). Democratizing the police abroad: What to do and how to do it. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice.
4.
Code of ethics for the police of the Czech Republic. (2005). Prague, Czech Republic: Ministry of the Interior.
5.
Dayton PeaceAgreement, Annex 11. (1995). Retrieved June 25, 2004, from http://www.ohr.int
6.
Dziedzic, M., & Bair, A. (1998). Bosnia and the international police task force . In R. B. Oakley, M. Dziedzic, & E. M. Goldberg (Eds.), Policing the new world disorder: Peace operations and public security (pp. 253-315). Washington, DC : National Defense University Press.
7.
European Commission Against Racism and Intolerance. (2005). Report on Bosnia and Herzegovina. Council of Europe . Retrieved February 16, 2006, from http://www.coe.int/
8.
International Centre for Migration Policy Development, & TC Team Consult. (2004). Financial, organisational and administrative assessment of the BiH police forces and the state border service: Final assessment report. Retrieved February 25, 2008 , from http://www.esiweb.org/pdf/bosnia_BiHPoliceFinalReport_2004-06-30.pdf
9.
Freedom House. (2005). Bosnia-Herzegovina. Nations in transit 2005. Retrieved February 16, 2006, from http://www.freedomhouse.org
10.
International Crisis Group. (2002). Policing the police in Bosnia: A further reform agenda. Balkans Report No.130 . Brussels, Belgium: Author.
11.
International Crisis Group. (2005, September 6). Bosnia's stalled police reform: No progress, no EU. Europe Report No. 164. Brussels, Belgium: Author .
12.
International Crisis Group. (2007, February 15). Ensuring Bosnia's future: A new international engagement strategy. Europe Report No. 180. Brussels, Belgium: Author.
13.
International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights. (2006). Human rights in the OSCE regions: Europe, Central Asia and North America. Report 2006 (Events of 2005). Vienna, Austria: International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights and The IHF Research Foundation.
14.
Klockars, C.B., & Kutnjak Ivković, S. (2004). Measuring police integrity . In M. J. Hickman, A. R. Piquero, & J. R. Greene (Eds.), Police integrity and ethics (pp 1.3-1.20). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
15.
Klockars, C. B.,Kutnjak Ivković, S., & Haberfeld, M. R. (Eds.). (2004). The contours of police integrity . Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Klockars, C.B., Kutnjak Ivković, S., Haberfeld, M.R., & Uydess, A. (2001). Enhancing police integrity: Three case studies . Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice.
18.
Klockars, C.B., Kutnjak Ivković, S., Harver, W.E., & Haberfeld, M.R. (1997). The measurement of police integrity. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice.
19.
Kononczuk, P. (2004, July, 29). Poll: Public satisfied with police force work [Electronic version]. The Prague Post. Retrieved October 25, 2006, from http://www.praguepost.com
20.
Kutnjak Ivković, S., & Shelley, T.O. (2005). The Bosnian police and police integrity: A continuing story. European Journal of Criminology, 2, 428-464.
21.
Kutnjak Ivković, S., & Shelley, T.O. (2007). Police integrity and the Czech police officers. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 31, 21-50.
22.
Law on Police Officials of Bosnia and Herzegovina. (2004). Official Gazette of Bosnia and Herzegovina, No. 27/04 and 63/04. Retrieved February 25, 2008, from http://www.ohr.int/decisions/judicialrdec/default.asp?content_id=36337
23.
League of Human Rights. (n.d.). Police misconduct . Retrieved October 25, 2006, from http://www.llp.cz
24.
Lundberg, K. (1992). The Czech Republic: Police reform in a new democracy. Case Program, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard.
25.
Maljević, A., Datzer, D., Muratbegović, E., & Muhamed, B. (2006). Overtly about police corruption. Sarajevo: Association of Criminalists in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
26.
Marenin, O., & Caparini, M. (2005). Reforming the police in central and eastern European states. In C. B. Fields & R. H. Moore, Jr. (Eds.). Comparative and international criminal justice: Traditional and nontraditional systems of law and control (pp. 217-242). Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press.
27.
Martin, C. (1994). Illinois municipal officers' perceptions of police ethics. Chicago: Illinois Criminal Justice Authority.
28.
Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic. ( 2003). Report on corruption in the Czech Republic in 2002 and on meeting the schedule of measures adopted by the government programme for fight against corruption. Retrieved February 12, 2006, from http://www.mvcr.cz/dokument/index.html
29.
Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic. ( 2005a). Report on corruption in the Czech Republic in the year 2004 and on meeting the updated programme of fight against corruption. Retrieved February 12, 2006, from http://www.mvcr.cz/dokument/index.html
30.
Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Police. ( 2005b). Report on public order and internal security in the Czech Republic in 2004. Retrieved February 26, 2006, from http://www.mvcr.cz/dokument/index.html
31.
Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic. ( 2006). Report on public order and internal security in the Czech Republic in 2004. Retrieved October 23, 2006, from http://www.mvcr.cz/dokument/indexen.html#prevence
32.
Nedelsky, N. (2004). Divergent responses to a common past: Transitional justice in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Theory and Society , 33, 65-115.
33.
Orsini, D. (2003). Analysis. Conflict, Security and Development, 3, 73-93.
34.
Palmer, L.K. (2004). Police reforms in Bosnia-Herzegovina: External pressure and internal resistance. In M. Caparini & O. Marenin (Eds.), Transforming police in Central and Eastern Europe: Process and progress (pp. 169-193). Switzerland: Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces.
35.
Rehn, N., Room, R., & Edwards, G. (2001). Alcohol in the European regions-Consumption, harm and policies. World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe. Retrieved January 30, 2007, from http://www.euro.who.int/document/E76240.pdf
36.
Stroehlein, A. (1999). Centre v. regions: Not just Prague. Central Europe Review, 1, 1-7. Retrieved February 25, 2006, from http://www.ce-review.org/99/13/stroehlein13.html
37.
Transparency International. (2004). Corruption perception study 2004: Bosnia and Herzegovina. Banja Luka: Transparency International BiH.
38.
Transparency International. (2005a). TI corruption perceptions index. Retrieved February 25, 2008, from http://transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2005
39.
Transparency International. (2005b). Transparency in the police. Retrieved February 26, 2006, from http://www.transparency.cz
40.
World Health Organization, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse. (2004). Global status report on alcohol 2004. Retrieved January 30, 2007, from http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/global_status_report_2004_overview.pdf
