This review summarizes the jurisprudence for the calendar year 2004 of international tribunals and courts that are contributing to the development of international legal norms for the accountability of human rights violations involving criminal justice issues. The pertinent jurisprudence for international criminal law is summarized for the two ad hoc international criminal tribunals: the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. Also the legal developments from two major sources of legal norms for international human rights are summarized here for the U.N. Human Rights Committee and for the European Court of Human Rights.
Danner, A. M., & Martinez, J. S. (2005). Guilty associations: Joint criminal enterprise, command responsibility, and the development of international criminal law. California Law Review, 93, 75-169.
2.
Drumbl, M. A. (2005). Collective violence and individual punishment: The criminality of mass atrocity. Northwestern University Law Review, 99, 539-610.
3.
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ETS 5), 213 U.N.T.S. 222, entered into force Sept. 3, 1953, as amended by Protocols Nos 3, 5, and 8 which entered into force on 21 September 1970, 20 December 1971 and 1 January 1990, respectively.
4.
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. (1996). G.A. res. 2200A (XXI), 21 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 16) at 52, U.N. Doc. A/6316 (1966), 999 U.N.T.S. 171, entered into force Mar. 23, 1976.
5.
Jesrani, T. (2005). Updates from the international criminal courts. Human Rights Brief, 11, 61-62.
6.
Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, G.A. res. 2200A (XXI), 21 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 16) at 59, U.N. Doc. A/6316 (1966), 999 U.N.T.S. 302, entered into force March 23, 1976.
7.
Rouleau, N. M., Brock, A., Yu, D., Heindel, A., Cava, M., & Jesrani, T. (2005). Updates from the international criminal courts. Human Rights Brief, 12, 33-38.
