Damage measurement of materials is a crucial challenge for researchers and engineers in manufacturing industries. In this study, based on the image processing technique, a developed approach for determining the Lemaitre’s ductile damage parameter by the direct measurement method is proposed. For this purpose, first, the micrographs pictures are provided by a scanning electron microscope to attain the damage evolution behavior of St37 steel. Then, prediction results of the suggested method and the Lemaitre’s direct approach as well as the microhardness technique and also a lately published numerical method in damage propagation, crack initiation, and ductile fracture of a few tensile samples are compared with the corresponding experimental tests. The comparison reveals the higher efficiency and accuracy of the current approach. Therefore, it is concluded that the new presented method is a reliable approach to achieve the Lemaitre’s ductile damage parameter and predict the damage evolution behavior of ductile materials.
AghaeiMZiaei-RadS (2020)
A micro mechanical study on DP600 steel under tensile loading using Lemaitre damage model coupled with combined hardening. Materials Science and Engineering: A772: 138774.
2.
AşıkEEPerdahcıoğluESvan den BoogaardAH (2019)
Microscopic investigation of damage mechanisms and anisotropic evolution of damage in DP600. Materials Science and Engineering: A739: 348–356.
3.
ASTM standard E8/E8M. Standard test methods for tension testing of metallic materials. An American National Standard3: 1–31.
4.
ASTM standard, E112, standard test methods for determining average grain size. An American National Standard3: 1–28.
5.
ASTM standard, E3, standard practice for preparation of metallographic specimens. An American National Standard3: 1–12.
6.
AzmanMLe BourlotCKingA, et al. (2022)
4D characterisation of void nucleation, void growth and void coalescence using advanced void tracking algorithm on in situ X-ray tomographic data. Materials Today Communications32: 103892.
7.
BaiYWierzbickiT (2008)
A new model of metal plasticity and fracture with pressure and lode dependence. International Journal of Plasticity24(6): 1071–1096.
8.
BetegónCHancockJ (1991)
Two-parameter characterization of elastic-plastic crack-tip fields. Journal of Applied Mechanics58(1): 104–110.
9.
BonoraN (1997)
A nonlinear CDM model for ductile failure. Engineering Fracture Mechanics58(1–2): 11–28.
10.
BouchardP OBourgeonLFayolleS, et al. (2011)
An enhanced Lemaitre model formulation for materials processing damage computation. International Journal of Material Forming4(3): 299–315.
11.
ÇobanoğluMErtanR KŞimşirC, et al. (2021)
Excessive damage increase in dual phase steels under high strain rates and temperatures. International Journal of Damage Mechanics30(2): 283–296.
12.
FreudenthalA M (1950) The Inelastic Behavior of Engineering Materials and Structures.
New York:
John Wiley & Sons Inc.
13.
GonzálezÁ ACruchagaM ACelentanoD J (2022)
Bilinear damage evolution in AA2011 wire drawing processes. International Journal of Damage Mechanics31(5): 645–664.
14.
Haji AboutalebiFFarzinMPoursinaM (2011)
Numerical simulation and experimental validation of a ductile damage model for DIN 1623 St14 steel. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology53(1-4): 157–165.
15.
KachanovIL (1986) Ntroduction to Continuum Damage Mechanics.
Berlin:
Springer Science & Business Media
16.
KadkhodapourJButzARadS Z (2011)
Mechanisms of void formation during tensile testing in a commercial, dual-phase steel. Acta Materialia59(7): 2575–2588.
17.
KeelerSWaB (1963)
Plastic instability and fracture in sheets stretched over rigid punches. ASM Transactions Quarterly56(11): 25–48.
18.
KrajcinovicD (1983)
Constitutive equations for damaging materials. Journal of Applied Mechanics50(2): 355–360.
19.
KuscheC FDunlapAPützF, et al. (2020)
Efficient characterization tools for deformation-induced damage at different scales. Production Engineering14(1): 95–104.
20.
KuscheC FPützFMünstermannS, et al. (2021)
On the effect of strain and triaxiality on void evolution in a heterogeneous microstructure–a statistical and single void study of damage in DP800 steel. Materials Science and Engineering: A799: 140332.
21.
KuscheCReclikTFreundM, et al. (2019)
Large-area, high-resolution characterisation and classification of damage mechanisms in dual-phase steel using deep learning. PloS One14(5): e0216493.
LemaitreH. J (2001) Handbook of Materials Behavior Models, Three-Volume Set: nonlinear Models and Properties.
Amsterdam:
Elsevier.
24.
LemaitreJ (1985)
A continuous damage mechanics model for ductile fracture. Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology107(1): 83–89.
25.
LemaitreJ (2012) A Course on Damage Mechanics.
Berlin:
Springer Science & Business Media.
26.
LiuXCaoJChaiX, et al. (2017)
Investigation of forming parameters on springback for ultra high strength steel considering Young’s modulus variation in cold roll forming. Journal of Manufacturing Processes29: 289–297.
27.
MashayekhiMZiaei-RadS (2006)
Identification and validation of a ductile damage model for A533 steel. Journal of Materials Processing Technology177(1-3): 291–295.
28.
MashayekhiMTorabianNPoursinaM (2011)
Continuum damage mechanics analysis of strip tearing in a tandem cold rolling process. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory19(2): 612–625.
29.
MashayekhiMZiaei-RadSParvizianJ, et al. (2007)
Ductile crack growth based on damage criterion: Experimental and numerical studies. Mechanics of Materials39(7): 623–636.
30.
McClintockF A (1968)
Local criteria for ductile fracture. International Journal of Fracture Mechanics4(2): 101–130.
31.
MedghalchiSKuscheC FKarimiE, et al. (2020)
Damage analysis in dual-phase steel using deep learning: transfer from uniaxial to biaxial straining conditions by image data augmentation. JOM72(12): 4420–4430.
32.
MeyaRKuscheC FLöbbeC, et al. (2019)
Global and high-resolution damage quantification in dual-phase steel bending samples with varying stress states. Metals9(3): 319.
33.
MkaddemABahloulRDal SantoP, et al. (2006)
Experimental characterisation in sheet forming processes by using Vickers micro-hardness technique. Journal of Materials Processing Technology180(1-3): 1–8.
34.
MkaddemAGassaraFHambliR (2006)
A new procedure using the microhardness technique for sheet material damage characterisation. Journal of Materials Processing Technology178(1-3): 111–118.
35.
NeedlemanATvergaardV (1984)
An analysis of ductile rupture in notched bars. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids32(6): 461–490.
36.
NoellP JSillsR BBenzergaA A, et al. (2023)
Void nucleation during ductile rupture of metals: a review. Progress in Materials Science135: 101085.
37.
ParkI GThompsonA W (1988)
Ductile fracture in spheroidized 1520 steel. Acta Metallurgica36(7): 1653–1664.
38.
RiceJ RTraceyD M (1969)
On the ductile enlargement of voids in triaxial stress fields. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids17(3): 201–217.
39.
Ruiz de SottoMDoquetVLongèreP, et al. (2022)
Anisotropic, rate-dependent ductile fracture of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. International Journal of Damage Mechanics31(3): 374–402.
40.
Sadeghi NezhadM SHaji AboutalebiF (2022)
Assessment of damage evolution behavior in different ductile sheet metals and shapes by the Lemaitre’s ductile damage model. Engineering Failure Analysis139: 106509.
41.
Sadeghi NezhadM SHaji AboutalebiF (2023a)
A simple and accurate method for numerically determining the Lemaitre’s damage parameter in ductile metals. Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines51(5): 2698–2712.
42.
Sadeghi NezhadM SHaji AboutalebiF (2023b)
Prediction of damage evolution behavior in ductile metals by Lemaitre criterion and comparison with GTN and EGTN damage models. Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines51(9): 5000–5014.
43.
SaeidiNAshrafizadehFNiroumandB, et al. (2016)
Examination and modeling of void growth kinetics in modern high strength dual phase steels during uniaxial tensile deformation. Materials Chemistry and Physics172: 54–61.
44.
SantosR OSilvaL B dMoreiraL P, et al. (2019)
Damage identification parameters of dual-phase 600–800 steels based on experimental void analysis and finite element simulations. Journal of Materials Research and Technology8(1): 644–659.
45.
ShamshiriAHaji AboutalebiFPoursinaM (2021)
A new numerical approach for determination of the Lemaitre’s ductile damage parameter in bulk metal forming processes. Archive of Applied Mechanics91(10): 4163–4177.
46.
ShiYBarnbyJ (1984)
Void nucleation during tensile deformation of a C-Mn structural steel. International Journal of Fracture25(2): 143–151.
47.
ShihCGermanM (1981)
Requirements for a one parameter characterization of crack tip fields by the HRR singularity. International Journal of Fracture17(1): 27–43.
48.
ShrivastavaP (2023)
A modified microhardness based approach to damage characterization for fracture prediction under biaxial stresses in SPIF. Experimental Techniques47(5): 1097–1109.
49.
SteinederKKrizanDSchneiderR, et al. (2018)
On the damage behavior of a 0.1 C6Mn medium‐Mn steel. Steel Research International89(9): 1700378.
50.
TasanCHoefnagelsJTen HornC, et al. (2009)
Experimental analysis of strain path dependent ductile damage mechanics and forming limits. Mechanics of Materials41(11): 1264–1276.
51.
ZhangPLinZLiuZ, et al. (2023)
Effect of cutting parameters on the microstructure evolution and damage mechanism of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy in micro cutting. International Journal of Damage Mechanics32(7): 914–939.
52.
ZouH CLouY LZhangYZ (1984)
Void growth in spheroidized carbon steels. Materials Science and Engineering62(2): 163–171.
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
