In this article, we argue that the flowering conversation under the label of “institutional work” can be productively enriched by segregating the notions of “institutions” and “work, and by engaging more fully with both micro- and macro-sociological contributions of the “old institutionalism.” We illustrate the value of these extensions by discussing three areas of theoretical and empirical interest: methodological groupism, the relationship between social structure and social process at both micro and macro levels, and the relationship between social analysis and social critique. By pursuing these directions, we believe the notion of institutional work can avoid conflation with variants of methodological individualism, and might usefully contribute to ongoing conversations about agency across the social sciences.
Abbott, A. ( 1988). The system of professions. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
2.
Abbott, A. ( 1999). Department and discipline: Chicago sociology at one hundred . Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
3.
Barley, S.R. ( 1986). Technology as an occasion for structuring: Evidence from observations of CT scanners and the social order of radiology departments . Administrative Science Quarterly, 31, 78-108.
4.
Barley, S.R. ( 2008). Coalface institutionalism. In R. Greenwood, C. Oliver, S. Sahlin-Andersson, & R. Suddaby (Eds.), Handbook of institutional theory (pp. 490-515). London, UK: SAGE.
5.
Barley, S.R., & Kunda, G. ( 2004). Gurus, hired guns, and warm bodies: Itinerant experts in the knowledge economy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
6.
Bechky, B. ( 2003). Object lessons: Workplace artifacts as representations of occupational jurisdiction. American Journal of Sociology , 109, 720-752.
7.
Becker, G.S. ( 1976). The economic approach to human behavior. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
8.
Becker, H.S. ( 1963). Outsiders: Studies in the sociology of deviance. New York, NY: Free Press.
9.
Becker, H.S. ( 1970). Whose side are we on? In H. S. Becker (Ed.), Sociological work (pp. 123-134). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.
10.
Becker, H.S. ( 1982). Art worlds. Berkeley: University of California Press.
11.
Becker, H.S. ( 1986a). Culture: A sociological view. In H. S. Becker (Ed.), Doing things together: Selected essays (pp. 7-17). Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.
12.
Becker, H.S. ( 1986b). Doing things together: Selected essays. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.
13.
Becker, H.S., & Horowitz, I.L. (1972). Radical politics and sociological research: Observations on methodology and ideology. American Journal of Sociology, 78, 48-66.
14.
Bendix, R. ( 1956). Work and authority in industry. Berkeley : University of California Press.
15.
Berger, P.L. ( 1986). The capitalist revolution: Fifty propositions about prosperity, equality, and liberty. New York, NY: Basic Books.
16.
Biggart, N.W., & Beamish, T.D. ( 2003). The economic sociology of conventions: Habit, custom, practice, and routine in market order. Annual Review of Sociology , 29, 443-464.
17.
Blumer, H. ( 1969). Symbolic interactionism: Perspective and method. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
18.
Bourdieu, P., & Wacquant, L.J.D. (1992). An invitation to reflexive sociology. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
19.
Bowker, G.C., & Star, S.L. ( 1999). Sorting things out: Classification and its consequences . Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
20.
Burawoy, M. ( 1979). Manufacturing consent: Changes in the labor process under monopoly capitalism. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
21.
Burns, T., & Stalker, G.M. ( 1961). The management of innovation (Rev. ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
22.
Chapoulie, J.-M. ( 1996). Everett Hughes and the Chicago tradition. Sociological Theory, 14, 3-29.
23.
Clarke, A.E. ( 1991). Social worlds/arenas theory as organizational theory . In D. R. Maines (Ed.), Social organization and social process: Essays in honor of Anselm Strauss (pp. 119-158). New York, NY: Aldine De Gruyter.
24.
Clegg, S. ( 2010). The state, power, and agency: Missing in action in institutional theory?Journal of Management Inquiry, 19, 4-13. Crozier, M. ( 1964). The bureaucratic phenomenon. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
25.
Dalton, M. ( 1959). Men who manage: Fusions of feeling and theory in administration . New York, NY: Wiley.
26.
Davis, G. F., McAdam, D., Scott, W. R., & Zald, M. N. (Eds.). (2005). Social movements and organization theory. Cambridge, NY : Cambridge University Press.
27.
Dewey, J. ( 1922). Human nature and conduct. New York, NY: Henry Holt.
28.
DiMaggio, P.J., & Powell, W.W. ( 1991). Introduction. In W. W. Powell & P. J. DiMaggio (Eds.), The new institutionalism in organizational analysis (pp. 1-41). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
29.
Djelic, M.-L. ( 1998). Exporting the American model. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press.
30.
Dobbin, F. ( 1994). Forging industrial policy: The United States, Britain, and France in the railway age. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
31.
Domhoff, G.W. ( 1974). The Bohemian Grove and other retreats: A study in ruling-class cohesiveness. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
32.
Domhoff, G.W. ( 1978). Who really rules? New Haven and community power re-examined . New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.
33.
Domhoff, G.W. ( 1990). The power elite and the state: How policy is made in America. New York, NY: Aldine de Gruyter.
34.
Domhoff, G.W. ( 2006). Who rules America? Power, politics, and social change . Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.
35.
Durkheim, E. ( 1997). The division of labor in society. New York, NY: Free Press. (Original work published 1893)
36.
Elliott, M.S., & Kraemer, K.L. ( 2008). Computerization movements and technology diffusion: From mainframes to ubiquitous computing. Medford, NJ: Information Today.
37.
Fine, G.A. ( 1984). Negotiated orders and organizational cultures. Annual Review of Sociology, 10, 239-262.
38.
Fine, G.A. ( 1993). The sad demise, mysterious disappearance, and glorious triumph of symbolic interactionism. Annual Review of Sociology , 19, 61-87.
39.
Fine, G.A. ( 1995). The second Chicago school: The development of a post-war American sociology. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
40.
Friedland, R., & Alford, R. ( 1991). Bringing society back in: Symbols, practices, and institutional contradictions. In W. W. Powell & P. J. DiMaggio (Eds.), The new institutionalism in organizational analysis (pp. 232-266). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
41.
Friedman, M. ( 2002). Capitalism and freedom (40thanniversary ed.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
42.
Friedson, E. ( 1975) Doctoring together: A study of professional social control . New York, NY: Elsevier.
43.
Fujimura, J.H. ( 1987). Constructing "do-able" problems in cancer research: Articulating alignment. Social Studies of Science, 17, 257-293.
44.
Fujimura, J.H. ( 1996). Crafting science: A sociohistory of the quest for the genetics of cancer. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
45.
Glasberg, D.S., & Schwartz, M. ( 1983). Ownership and control of corporations. Annual Review of Sociology, 9, 311-332
46.
Gouldner, A.W. ( 1954). Patterns of industrial bureaucracy. New York, NY: Free Press.
47.
Greenwood, R., & Hinings, C.R. ( 1996). Understanding radical organizational change: Bringing together the old and the new institutionalism. Academy of Management Review, 21, 1022-1054.
48.
Gusfield, J.R. ( 1986). Symbolic crusade: Status politics and the American temperance movement (2nd ed.). Urbana, IL : University of Illinois Press.
49.
Hirsch, P.M., & Lounsbury, M. ( 1997). Ending the family quarrel: Toward a reconciliation of "old" and "new" institutionalism. American Behavioral Scientist , 40, 406-418.
50.
Hughes, E.C. ( 1943). French Canada in transition. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
51.
Hughes, E.C. ( 1958). Men and their work. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
52.
Hughes, E.C. ( 1971a). Disorganization and reorganization. In E. C. Hughes (Ed.), The sociological eye: Selected papers (pp. 65-72). Chicago, IL: Aldine-Atherton .
53.
Hughes, E.C. ( 1971b). Ethnocentric sociology. In E. C. Hughes (Ed.), The sociological eye: Selected papers (pp. 473-477). Chicago, IL: Aldine-Atherton.
54.
Hughes, E.C. ( 1971c). Going concerns: The study of American institutions. In E. C. Hughes (Ed.), The sociological eye: Selected papers (pp. 52-64). Chicago, IL: Aldine-Atherton.
55.
Hughes, E.C. ( 1971d). The humble and the proud: The comparative study of occupations . In E. C. Hughes (Ed.), The sociological eye: Selected papers (pp. 417-427). Chicago, IL : Aldine-Atherton.
Hunter, F. ( 1953). Community power structure: A study of decision makers . Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
58.
Kaghan, W.N. ( 2000). Harnessing a public conglomerate: Technology transfer managers and the entrepreneurial university. In J. Croissant & S. Restivo (Eds.), Degrees of compromise: Industrial interests and academic values (pp. 77-100). Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
59.
Kaghan, W.N., & Barnett, G.B. ( 1997). The desktop model of innovation in digital media. In H. Etzkowitz & L. Leydesdorff (Eds.), Universities and the global knowledge economy: A triple helix of university-industry-government relations (pp. 77-81). London , UK: Pinter.
60.
Kaghan, W.N., & Bowker, G.C. ( 2001). Out of the machine age?: Complexity, sociotechnical systems and actor network theory. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 18, 253-269.
61.
Kaghan, W.N., & Lounsbury, M. ( 2006). Artifacts, articulation work, and institutional residue . In A. Rafaeli & M. G. Pratt (Eds.), Artifacts and organizations (pp. 259-278). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
62.
Kaghan, W.N., & Phillips, N. ( 1998). Building the Tower of Babel: Communities of practice and paradigmatic pluralism in organization studies. Organization , 5, 191-216.
63.
Latour, B. ( 1987). Science in action. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
64.
Lawrence, T.B. ( 2008). Power, institutions and organizations. In R. Greenwood, C. Oliver, K. Sahlin, & R. Suddaby (Eds.), Handbook of organizational institutionalism (pp. 170-197). London, UK: SAGE.
65.
Lawrence, T.B., & Suddaby, R. ( 2006). Institutions and institutional work. In S. R. Clegg, C. Hardy , T. B. Lawrence, & W. R. Nord (Eds.), Handbook of organization studies (2nd ed., pp. 215-254). London, UK : SAGE.
66.
Lawrence, T.B., Suddaby, R., & Leca, B. ( 2009). Introduction: Theorizing and studying institutional work . In T. B. Lawrence, R. Suddaby, & B. Leca (Eds.), Institutional work: Actors and agency in institutional studies of organizations (pp. 1-27). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
67.
Lawrence, T., Suddaby, R., & Leca, B. ( 2011). Institutional work: Refocusing institutional studies of organization. Journal of Management Inquiry, 20(1), 52-58.
68.
Lipset, S.M., Trow, M.A., & Coleman, J.S. ( 1956). Union democracy: The internal politics of the International Typographical Union. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
69.
Lounsbury, M. ( 2001). Institutional sources of practice variation: Staffing college and university recycling programs. Administrative Science Quarterly, 46, 29-56.
70.
Lounsbury, M. ( 2007). A tale of two cities: Competing logics and practice variation in the professionalizing of mutual funds. Academy of Management Journal, 50, 289-307.
71.
Lounsbury, M., & Crumley, E.T. ( 2007). New practice creation: An institutional approach to innovation . Organization Studies, 28, 993-1012.
72.
Lounsbury, M., & Kaghan, W.N. ( 2001). Organizations, occupations and the structuration of work . In S. P. Vallas (Ed.), Research in the sociology of work (Vol. 10, pp. 25-50). Oxford, UK: JAI Press.
73.
Lounsbury, M., Ventresca, M.J., & Hirsch, P. ( 2003). Social movements, field frames, and industry emergence: A cultural-political perspective on US recycling. Socio-Economic Review, 1, 71-104.
74.
Maguire, S., Hardy, C., & Lawrence, T. ( 2004) Institutional entrepreneurship in emerging fields: HIV/AIDS treatment advocacy in Canada. Academy of Management Journal , 47, 657-679.
75.
Marcus, G.E. ( 1995). Ethnography in/of the world system: The emergence of multi-sited ethnography. Annual Review of Anthropology, 24, 95-117.
76.
Mead, G.H. ( 1934). Mind, self, and society. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
77.
Meyer, J.W., Boli, J., & Thomas, G.M. ( 1987). Ontology and rationalization in the Western cultural account. In G. M. Thomas, J. W. Meyer, F. O. Ramirez , & J. Boli (Eds.), Institutional structure: Constituting state, society, and the individual (pp. 12-37). Newbury Park, CA: SAGE.
78.
Mills, C.W. ( 1956). The power elite. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
79.
Mills, C.W. ( 1959). The sociological imagination. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
80.
Mintz, B., & Schwartz, M. ( 1985). The power structure of American business. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Parsons, T. ( 1967). Sociological theory and modern society. New York, NY: Free Press.
83.
Phillips, N., Lawrence, T.B., & Hardy, C. ( 2004). Discourse and institutions. Academy of Management Review, 29, 635-652.
84.
Powell, W.W., & Colyvas, J.A. ( 2008). Microfoundations of institutional theory. In R. Greenwood, C. Oliver, S. Sahlin-Andersson, & R. Suddaby (Eds.), Handbook of institutional theory (pp. 276-298). London, UK: SAGE.
85.
Ruef, M. ( 2000.) The emergence of organizational forms: A community ecology approach. American Journal of Sociology, 106, 658-714.
Scott, W.R., Ruef, M., Mendel, P., & Caronna, C. ( 2000). Institutional change and healthcare organizations: From professional dominance to managed care. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
88.
Selznick, P. ( 1949). TVA and the grass roots. Berkeley : University of California Press.
89.
Stinchcombe, A.L. ( 1965). Social structure and organizations. In J. G. March (Ed.), Handbook of organizations (pp. 142-193). Chicago, IL: Rand McNally.
90.
Stinchcombe, A.L. ( 1983). Economic sociology. New York, NY: Academic Press.
91.
Stinchcombe, A.L. ( 1990). Information and organizations. Berkeley : University of California Press.
92.
Stinchcombe, A.L. ( 1997). On the virtues of the old institutionalism. Annual Review of Sociology, 23, 1-18.
93.
Strauss, A.L. ( 1988). The articulation of project work: An organizational process . Sociological Quarterly, 29, 163-178.
94.
Strauss, A.L. ( 1993). Continual permutations of action. New York, NY: Aldine de Gruyter.
95.
Strauss, A.L., Bucher, R., Ehrlich, D., Schatzman, L., & Sabshin, M. ( 1964). Psychiatric ideologies and institutions. New York, NY: Free Press.
96.
Strauss, A.L., Wiener, C., & Fagerhaugh, S. (1997). Social organization of medical work. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
97.
Suddaby, R. ( 2010). Challenges for institutional theory. Journal of Management Inquiry, 19, 14-20.
98.
Suddaby, R., & Greenwood, R. ( 2005). Rhetorical strategies of legitimacy. Administrative Science Quarterly, 50, 35-67.
99.
Thornton, P.H., & Ocasio, W. ( 2008). Institutional logics. In R. Greenwood, C. Oliver, S. K. Andersen, & R. Suddaby (Eds.), Handbook of organizational institutionalism (pp 99-129). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
100.
Ventresca, M., & Kaghan, W.N. ( 2008). Routines, "going concerns", and innovation: Towards an evolutionary economic sociology. In M. Becker (Ed.), The handbook of organizational routines (pp. 52-86). Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.
101.
Weber, M. ( 1978). Economy and society. Berkeley: University of California Press.
102.
Whyte, W.F. ( 1993). Street corner society: The social structure of an Italian slum (4th ed.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
103.
Zald, M.N., & Lounsbury, M. ( 2010). The wizards of OZ: Towards an institutional approach to elites, expertise and command posts. Organization Studies , 31, 963-996.
104.
Zietsma, C., & Lawrence, T.B. (2010). Institutional work and the transformation of an organizational field: The interplay of boundary work and practice work. Administrative Science Quarterly, 55, 189-221.
