Morphologic Anomalies of Upper Cervical Vertebrae in Swedish Children Born with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and/or Palate Compared to Swedish Children without Cleft
Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online July, 2019
Morphologic Anomalies of Upper Cervical Vertebrae in Swedish Children Born with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and/or Palate Compared to Swedish Children without Cleft
To examine and compare the prevalence of morphologic anomalies of the upper cervical vertebrae in Swedish children with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate to Swedish children without cleft.
Design:
Retrospective study on lateral cephalograms.
Setting:
Division of Orthodontics, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Patients:
The cleft group consisted of 325 children (150 girls and 175 boys) born with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (mean age: 11.1 years). The control group consisted of 325 children without cleft, matched for age and gender.
Main Outcome Measures:
Lateral cephalograms exposing upper cervical vertebrae (C1-C3) were examined regarding morphologic anomalies such as posterior arch deficiencies, fusion of vertebrae, odontoid anomalies, and deviations of the vertebral artery canal.
Results:
The prevalence of children with morphologic anomalies of the upper cervical vertebrae was 24.3% (n = 79) in children with cleft and 12.6% (n = 41) in children without cleft. Posterior arch deficiency and vertebral fusion were significantly more frequent in children with cleft (P < .001). No statistically significant differences were found between the 2 groups regarding odontoid and vertebral artery canal anomalies.
Conclusions:
Morphologic anomalies of the upper cervical vertebrae in Swedish children with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate were significantly more frequent compared to similar anomalies in Swedish children without cleft.
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