Prevalence and risk factors of low back pain among auto rickshaw drivers in urban settings: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background

Low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, particularly among professional drivers due to prolonged sitting and whole-body vibrations. Auto rickshaw drivers in India represent a vulnerable occupational group lacking ergonomic support and healthcare.

Objective

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of persistent LBP and its associated ergonomic, demographic, and lifestyle factors among auto rickshaw drivers in an urban setting.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted during March-April 2024 among 353 auto rickshaw drivers aged 20–55 years. Data were collected via questionnaires on sociodemographic, occupational, and lifestyle factors and health status. Pain severity was measured on a 10-point scale. Statistical analyses, including chi-square, t-tests, and regression, were done using JASP (p < 0.05).

Results

The prevalence of persistent LBP was 48.16%. Key predictors included male sex (OR = 10.659, p = 0.002), longer driving hours (OR = 1.152, p = 0.042), and family history of musculoskeletal disorders (OR = 7.667, p < 0.001). Ergonomic factors like lumbar support and vehicle vibration increased LBP prevalence. Smoking and physical inactivity showed significant associations, though no single factor predicted LBP severity.

Conclusion

Nearly half of urban auto rickshaw drivers experience persistent LBP, influenced by occupational and ergonomic factors. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions, including improved seating, rest breaks, and posture education. Public health strategies promoting physical activity and addressing smoking may reduce LBP risk. Future studies should explore unmeasured psychosocial factors affecting LBP severity.