Bilateral sensorimotor dysfunction in the upper extremities in unilateral cervical radiculopathies: A level-specific approach

Abstract

Background

Cervical radiculopathy (CR) is a neurological disorder with unilateral motor and sensory deficits. This study examines its bilateral impact on upper extremity function across different nerve root levels to inform rehabilitation approaches.

Objective

The aim of this study is to examine bilateral sensorimotor dysfunctions in patients with cervical radiculopathy.

Methods

Forty-two patients (mean age 44.4 ± 11.05 years; 34 women, 8 men) with C4–5, C5–6, or C6–7 CR and 16 controls (mean age 42.2 ± 15.5 years; 9 women, 7 men) with non-specific neck pain participated. Evaluations included pain (VAS), neck disability (NDI), upper extremity functionality (DASH), muscle strength measurements, sensory function, hand performance, kinesiophobia (TAMPA) and emotional status (Beck Inventory).

Results

All radiculopathy groups showed significant bilateral muscle weakness (5–12%) in upper extremities and reduced lateral pinch strength compared to controls (p < 0.05). Sensory deficits were severe, with C5 and C6 groups showing 46% reduction in light touch sensation and C7 group exhibiting 80% reduction, with decreased vibration sensation. The C7 group demonstrated the most severe impairments. Psychological assessment revealed kinesiophobia in all groups, with radiculopathy groups showing moderate anxiety compared to mild anxiety in controls, and mild depressive symptoms across all groups.

Conclusions

Unilateral cervical radiculopathy leads to significant bilateral sensorimotor impairments, with severity varying by nerve root level. Findings emphasize the need for comprehensive bilateral assessment and rehabilitation programs addressing both affected and unaffected limbs.