Trust is recognized as a critical component of effective leadership. One way trust forms is through the experiences in the history of communication transactions between individuals. This study was a first step to test the relationship between communication competence skills and trust in leaders. A sample of 1,138 international school teachers in the East Asian Regional Council of Schools responded to a survey which measured teacher perceptions of the communication competence and trustworthiness of their principal. The findings showed a significant relationship between the three communication competence factors and trust, and that the attentiveness-coordination factor was the strongest predictor of trust.
BennisW. (1999). The end of leadership: Exemplary leadership is impossible without full inclusion, initiatives, and cooperation of followers.Organizational Dynamics,28, 71–79.
2.
BrykA., & SchneiderB. (2002). Trust in schools: A core resource for improvement.New York, NY: Russel Sage Foundation.
3.
ClarkM., & PayneR. (2006). Character-based determinants of trust in leaders.Risk Analysis,26, 1161–1173.
4.
ColemanJ. S. (1998). Social capital and the creation of human capital.American Journal of Sociology,94, 95–120.
ConwayJ. A. (1976). Test of linearity between teachers’ participation in decision making and their perceptions of their schools as organizations.Administrative Science Quarterly,21, 130–139.
7.
CosnerS. (2010). Drawing on a knowledge-based trust perspective to examine and conceptualize within-school trust development by principals.Journal of School Leadership,20, 117–144.
8.
CostiganR. D., InsingaR. C., BermanJ. J., IlterS. S., KranasG., & KureshovV. A. (2006). The effect of employee trust of the supervisor on enterprising behavior: A cross cultural comparison.Journal of Business and Psychology,21, 273–291.
9.
DannelsD. P. (2009). Time to speak up: A theoretical framework of situated pedagogy and practice for communication across the curriculum.Communication Education,50(2), 144–158.
10.
D'AveniR. A. (1994). Hypercompetition: Managing the dynamics of strategic maneuvering.New York, NY: Free Press.
11.
DelugaR. J. (1994). Supervisor trust building, leader-member exchange and organizational citizenship behaviour.Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,67, 315–326.
12.
DeutchM. (1958). Trust and suspicion.The Journal of Conflict Resolution,2, 265–279.
13.
DirksK. T. (2000). Trust in leadership and team performance: Evidence from NCAA basketball.Journal of Applied Psychology,85, 1004–1012.
14.
DirksK. T., & FerrinD. L. (2001). The role of trust in organizational settings.Organizational Science,12, 450–467.
15.
DirksK. T., & FerrinD. L. (2002). Trust in leadership: Meta-analytic findings and implications for research and practice.The Journal of Applied Psychology,87, 611–628.
16.
DirksK. T., & SkarlickiD. (2004). Trust in leaders: Existing research and emerging issues. In KramerR., & CookK. (Eds.), Trust and Distrust in Organizations: Dilemmas and Approaches (pp. 21–40). Thousand Oaks, CA: Jossey-Bass.
17.
DuFourR., DuFourR., EakerR., & ManyT. (2010). Learning by doing: Professional learning communities at work (2nd ed.). Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree.
18.
EARCOS. (2010). Member directory 2010–2011: East Asia Regional Council of Overseas Schools.Manila, Philippines: Author.
19.
GimbelP. (2003). Solutions for promoting principal-teacher trust.Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Education.
20.
GoddardR. D., Tschannen-MoranM., & HoyW. K. (2001). A multilevel examination of the distribution and effects of teacher trust in students and parents in urban elementary schools.The Elementary School Journal,102, 3–17.
21.
GoodwinN.R. (1996). Economic meanings of trust and responsibility.Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
22.
GrunigJ. E. (1989). Symmetrical presuppositions as a framework for public relations theory. In BotanC. H. (Ed.), Public relations theory (p. 17–44). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
23.
HamelG., & PrahaladC. K. (1994). Competing for the future.Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
24.
HosmerL. T. (1995). Trust: The connecting link between organizational theory and philosophical ethics.Academy of Management Review,20, 379–403.
25.
HoyW. K., GageC. Q., & TarterC. J. (2006). School mindfulness and faculty trust: Necessary conditions for each other?Educational Administrative Quarterly,42, 236–255.
26.
HoyW. K., & MiskelG. C. (2008). Educational administration: Theory, research, and practice (8th edition). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.
27.
HoyW. K., & TarterC. J. (2004). Organizational justice in schools: No justice without trust.The International Journal of Educational Management,18, 250–259.
28.
HoyW. K., TarterC. J., & WitkoskieL. (1992). Faculty trust in colleagues: Linking the principal with school effectiveness.Journal of Research and Development in Education,26, 38–45.
29.
HoyW. K., & Tschannen-MoranM. (1999). Five faces of trust: An empirical confirmation in urban elementary schools.Journal of School Leadership,9, 184–208.
30.
HoyW. K., & Tschannen-MoranM. (2003). The conceptualization and measurement of faculty trust in schools: The omnibus t-scale. In HoyW.K., & MiskelC. (Eds.), Studies in leading and organizing schools (pp. 181–208). Greenwich, CT: Information Age.
31.
JablinF. M., & SiasP. M. (2001). Communication competence. In JablinF. M., & PutmanL. L. (Eds.), The new handbook of organizational communication: Advances in theory, research, and methods (pp. 819–864). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
32.
JonesG. R., & GeorgeJ. M. (1998). The experience and evolution of trust: Implication for cooperation and teamwork.Academy of Management Review,23, 531–546.
33.
KenslerL. A. W., CaskieG. I., & WhiteG. P. (2009). The ecology of democratic learning communities: Faculty trust and continuous learning in public middle schools.Journal of School Leadership,19, 697–735.
34.
KonovskyM. A., & PughS. D. (1994). Citizenship behavior and social exchange.Academy of Management Review,37, 656–669.
35.
KorsgaardM. A., BrodtS. E., & WhitenerE. M. (2002). Trust in the face of conflict: The role of managerial trustworthy behavior and organizational context.Journal of Applied Psychology,87, 312–319.
36.
KowalskiT. J., (2005). Evolution of the school superintendent as communicator.Communication Education,54(2), 101–117.
37.
KramerR. M. (1999). Trust and distrust in organizations: Emerging perspectives, enduring questions.Annual Review of Psychology,50, 569–598.
38.
KuhnertK. W., & LewisP. (1987). Transactional and transformational leadership: A constructive/developmental analysis.Academy of Management Review,12, 648–657.
39.
LeithwoodK., & JantziD. (1997). Explaining variation in teachers’ perception of principals’ leadership: A replication.Journal of Educational Administration,35, 312–331.
40.
LewisJ. D., & WeigertA. (1985). Trust as a social reality.Social Forces,63, 967–985.
41.
MartinJ. M. (1993). Intercultural communication competence: A review. In WisemanR. L., & KoesterJ. (Eds.), Intercultural communication competence (pp. 16–32). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
42.
MayerR. C., DavisJ. H., & SchoormanF. D. (1995). An integrative model of organizational trust.Academy of Management Review,20, 709–734.
43.
McAllisterD. J. (1995). Affect- and cognition-based trust as foundations for interpersonal cooperation in organizations.Academy of Management Journal,38(1), 24–59.
44.
MenardS. (1995). Applied logistic regression analysis. Sage university paper series on quantitative applications in the social sciences (pp. 7–106). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
45.
MyersR. (1990). Classical and modem regression with applications (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Duxbury.
46.
NanusB. (1989). The leader's edge: The seven keys to leadership in a turbulent world.Chicago, IL: Contemporary Books.
47.
PodsakoffP. M., MacKenzieS. B., MoormanR. H., & FetterR. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers’ trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors.Leadership Quarterly,1, 107–142.
48.
RotterJ. B. (1967). A new scale for the measurement of interpersonal trust.Journal of Personality,35, 651–665.
49.
RousseauD. M., SitkinS. B., BurtR. S., & CamererC. (1998). Not so different after all: A cross-discipline view of trust.Academy of Management Review23, 393–404.
50.
SeabrightM. A., LeventhalD. A., & FichmanM. (1992). Role of individual attachments in the dissolution of interorganizational relationships.Academy of Management Journal,35, 122–160.
51.
Seashore LouisK. (2007). Trust and improvement in schools.Journal of Educational Change,8, 1–24.
52.
SpitzbergB. H. (1990). The construct validity of trait-based measures of interpersonal competence.Communication Research Reports,7, 107–116.
53.
SpitzbergB. H. (1991). An examination of trait measures of interpersonal competence.Communication Reports,4, 22–29.
54.
SpitzbergB. H. (2000). A model of intercultural communication competence. In SamovarL., & PorterR. (Eds.), Intercultural communication: A reader (9th ed., pp. 375–387). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
55.
SpitzbergB. H. (2003). Methods of skill assessment. In GreeneJ. O., & BurlesonB. R. (Eds.), Handbook of communication and social interaction skills (pp. 93–134). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
56.
SpitzbergB. H. (2006a). Preliminary development of a model and measure of computer-mediated communication (CMC) competence.Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication,11, 629–666.
57.
SpitzbergB. H. (2006b). CSRS: The conversational skills rating scale: An instructional assessment of interpersonal competence. NCA Diagnostic Series. Paper presented at the 92nd National Communication Association Annual Convention, San Antonio, TX, November 16–19.
58.
SpitzbergB. H., BrookshireR. G., & BrunnerC. C. (1990). The factorial domain of interpersonal skills.Social Behavior and Personality,18, 137–150.
59.
SpitzbergB. H., & BrunnerC. C. (1991). Toward a theoretical integration of context and communication competence inference research.Western Journal of Speech Communication,55, 28–46.
60.
SpitzbergB. H., & CupachW. R. (1984). Interpersonal communication competence.Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
61.
SpitzbergB. H., & CupachW. R. (1989). Handbook of interpersonal competence research.New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
62.
SpitzbergB. H., & CupachW. R. (2002). Interpersonal skills. In KnappM. L., & DalyJ. A. (Eds.), Handbook of interpersonal communication (pp. 564–611). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
63.
SpitzbergB. H., & HechtM. L. (1984). A component model of relational competence.Human Communication Research,10, 575–599.
64.
SpitzbergB. H., & HurtH. T. (1987). The measurement of interpersonal skills in instructional contexts.Communication Education,36, 28–45.
65.
TarterC., SaboD., & HoyW. (1995). Middle school climate, faculty trust and effectiveness: A path analysis.Journal of Research and Development in Education,29, 41–49.
66.
Tschannen-MoranM. (2001). Collaboration and the need for trust.Journal of Educational Administration,39, 308–331.
67.
Tschannen-MoranM. (2003). Fostering organizational citizenship: Transformational leadership and trust. In HoyW.K., & MiskelC. (Eds.), Studies in leading and organizing schools (pp. 181–208). Greenwich, CT: Information Age.
68.
Tschannen-MoranM. (2009). Fostering teacher professionalism in schools: The role of leadership orientation and trust.Education Administration Quarterly,45, 217–247.
69.
Tschannen-MoranM., & HoyW. K. (2000). A multidisciplinary analysis of the nature, meaning, and measurement of trust.Review of Educational Research,70, 547–593.
WhalstromK., & Seashore LouisK. (2008). How teachers experience principal leadership: The roles of professional community, trust, efficacy, and shared responsibility.Educational Administration Quarterly,44(4), 458–495.
72.
ZajoncR. B. (1980). Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences.American Psychologist,35, 151–175.
