Public health workers in the Errachidia province (Morocco) are confronted with a multitude of professional challenges that may precipitate burnout syndrome (BOS). Nevertheless, epidemiological studies in Morocco investigating this syndrome and its associated risk factors remain limited.
Objective
To identify burnout syndrome characteristics among health staff and investigate the main factors associated with the development of this syndrome.
Methods
An exhaustive cross-sectional study was implemented, with a target group of 750 health personnel. The Maslach Burnout Inventory test was used to assess burnout status. Binary Logistic regression was applied to estimate the risks associated with various socio-demographic, economic, and work-related environmental factors. The study was carried out in early 2019.
Results
Among the 503 health personnel employed in public establishments who completed the distributed and validated forms (response rate = 67.1%), a noteworthy prevalence of burnout (63.22%) was identified. This prevalence signifies a genuine state of emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion among medical and paramedical staff in the study area. The final adjusted logistic model revealed a significant association between burnout and the urban setting, female gender, and nursing profession. Furthermore, our findings indicated that, despite some autonomy, health workers experienced a lack of recognition from the hierarchy, and operated in understaffed structures with a predominant focus on medical rather than social tasks. Such conditions increase the burnout risk.
Conclusions
The status of burnout among healthcare professionals is determined by a complex interplay of risk and protective factors. Effective management strategies are essential to improve the well-being of this population.
BianchiRSchonfeldISLaurentE. Burnout-depression overlap: a review. Clin Psychol Rev2015; 36: 28–41.
3.
Pezet-LangevinVRollandJP. Job characteristics, burnout, and withdrawal from work attitude. Caracteristiques des situations de travail, burnout, et attitude de retrait. Eur Rev Appl Psychol1999; 49: 239–248.
4.
MaslachCJacksonSE. The measurement of experienced burnout. J Occup Behav1981; 2: 99–113.
ChiricoF. Job stress models for predicting burnout syndrome: a review. Ann Ist Super Sanità2016; 52: 443–456.
7.
Guseva CanuIMarcaSCDell’OroF, et al.Harmonized definition of occupational burnout: a systematic review, semantic analysis, and Delphi consensus in 29 countries. Scand J Work Environ Health2021; 47: 95–107.
8.
SoaresJPLopesRHMendonçaPBS, et al.Use of the Maslach Burnout Inventory among public health care professionals: scoping review. JMIR Ment Health2023; 10: e44195.
9.
Dall’OraCBallJRecio-SaucedoA,et al.Characteristics of shift work and their impact on employee performance and wellbeing: a literature review. Int J Nurs Stud2016; 57: 12–27.
10.
El BouazzaouiAMukukaELabriguiS, et al.Burnout in nurses at Hassan II university hospital in Fez Morocco: results of a prospective survey. Journal of Medical and Surgical Research2021; 8: 1037–1043.
11.
BenhaddouchYKhalfiSBenmaamarS, et al.Burnout among physicians and caregivers in oncology: the Moroccan experience. Ecancermedicalscience2022; 16: 1–12.
12.
FattahiRAttiyaNFilali-ZegzoutiA, et al.Burnout among healthcare professionals in the public health structures of Drâa-Tafilalet region-Morocco. Archives des Maladies Professionnelles et de l’Environnement2023; 84: 1–11.
13.
KapasaRHannounARachidiS, et al.Evaluation of burnout among health professionals working at public health surveillance units COVID-19 in Morocco. Archives des Maladies Professionnelles et de l’Environnement2021; 82: 524–534.
14.
NegueuABCumberSNDonatusL, et al.Burnout among caregivers in the Yaounde central hospital, Cameroon. Pan Afr Med J2019; 34: 126. 1–11.
15.
TeixeiraCRibeiroOFonsecaAM,et al.Burnout in intensive care units - a consideration of the possible prevalence and frequency of new risk factors: a descriptive correlational multicentre study. BMC Anesthesiol2013; 13: 38. 1–15.
16.
DyrbyeLNThomasMRHuntingtonJL, et al.Personal life events and medical student burnout: a multicenter study. Acad Med2006; 81: 374–384.
17.
WilliamsonKLankPMCheemaN, et al.Comparing the Maslach burnout inventory to other well-being instruments in emergency medicine residents. J Grad Med Edu2018; 10: 532–536.
18.
ChapelleFG. Modélisation des processus d’épuisement professionnel liés aux facteurs de risques psychosociaux : burn out, bore out, stress chronique, addiction au travail, épuisement compassionnel. Journal de Therapie Comportementale et Cognitive2016; 26: 111–122.
19.
BrucePBruceAGedeckP. Practical statistics for data scientists. 2nd ed. Tache N: O’Reilly Media, 2020.
20.
BilderRMSugarCAHellemannGS. Cumulative false positive rates given multiple performance validity tests: commentary on David and Millis (2014) and Larrabee (2014). Clin Neuropsychol2014; 28: 1212–1223.
21.
KristensenTSBorritzMVilladsenE,et al.The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory: a new tool for the assessment of burnout. Work Stress2005; 19: 192–207.
22.
RaharjantiNWWigunaTPurwadiantoA, et al.Translation, validity and reliability of decision style scale in forensic psychiatric setting in Indonesia. Heliyon2022; 8: 2–5.
23.
AmamouBBannourASBen HadjM, et al.Haute prévalence du burnout dans les unités Tunisiennes prenant en charge des patients en fin de vie. Pan Afr Med J2014; 19: 1–12.
24.
HailayAAberheWMebrahtomG, et al.Burnout among nurses working in Ethiopia. Behav Neurol2020; 2020: 1–9.
25.
Alcaraz-MorRGomezSBellagambaG,et al.Burnout des médecins en Europe : des différences à élucider. Archives des Maladies Professionnelles et de l’Environnement2018; 79: 287.
26.
RuszniewskiM. Healthcare personnel and patient families. Psycho-Oncologie2009; 3: 118–124.
27.
NedićOBelkićK. Job stressors and burnout among nurses and primary-care physicians working at a dedicated outpatient respiratory center for patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. Am J Ind Med2023; 66: 510–528.
28.
NaimRHmamouchiIHaouichetC, et al.High prevalence of burnout syndrome among rheumatologists practicing in arab countries: an arlar multinational study in 394 rheumatologists. Ann Rheum Dis2023; 82: 2024–1.
29.
TaranuSMCarmen IlieATurcuAM, et al.Factors associated with burnout in healthcare professionals. Int J Environ Res Public Health2022; 19: 1–13.
30.
Salembier-TrichardA. Épuisement professionnel, burn out. Information Psychiatrique2019; 95: 311–315.
31.
HaileYGSenkuteALAlemuBT, et al.Prevalence and associated factors of burnout among debre berhan university medical students: a cross-sectional study. BMC Med Educ2019; 19: 413. 1–11.
32.
SchaufeliWBLeiterMPMaslachC. Burnout: 35 years of research and practice. Career Development International2009; 14: 204–220.
33.
OzyurtAHayranOSurH. Predictors of burnout and job satisfaction among turkish physicians. QJM2006; 99: 161–169.
34.
DengDNaslundJA. Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on frontline health workers in low-and middle-income countries. Harv Public Health Rev (Camb)2020; 28: 1–18.
35.
CavanaughKJYoung LeeHDaumD, et al.An examination of burnout predictors: understanding the influence of job attitudes and environment. Healthcare (Switzerland)2020; 8: 1–13.
36.
DelbrouckM. Le burn-out du médecin soignant. Sens-Dessous2017; 19: 5–18.
37.
Vafaee-NajarADelshadMHPourhajiR, et al.Burnout syndrome and related factors among health team employees. Work2023; 76: 1493–1499.
38.
BridgemanPJBridgemanMBBaroneJ. Burnout syndrome among healthcare professionals. Am J Health Syst Pharm2018; 75: 147–152.
39.
AbbasAAliABahgatS,et al.Prevalence associated factors, and consequences of burnout among ICU healthcare workers: an Egyptian experience. Egypt J Chest Dis Tuberc2019; 68: 514–525.
40.
XuWPanZLiZ, et al.Job burnout among primary healthcare workers in rural China: a multilevel analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health2020; 17: 1–18.
41.
YuanL. Analyzing the impact of practice environment on nurse burnout using conventional and multilevel logistic regression models. Workplace Health Saf2020; 68: 325–336.
42.
LasaterKBAikenLHSloaneDM, et al.Chronic hospital nurse understaffing meets COVID-19: an observational study. BMJ Qual Saf2021; 30: 639–647.
43.
Ministère de la santé au Maroc. La démographie médicale et paramédicale à l’horizon 2025. 2009.
44.
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé. Renforcer les personnels infirmiers afin de promouvoir la couverture sanitaire universelle dans la région de la méditerranée orientale : résumé d’orientation. 2020.
45.
MalakoutiSKNojomiMSalehiM,et al.Job stress and burnout syndrome in a sample of rural health workers, Behvarzes, in Tehran, Iran. Iran J Psychiatry2011; 6: 70–74.
46.
YuEJLeeEN. Development and validation of a nursing work interruption scale. Int J Environ Res Public Health2022; 19: 1–14.
47.
CarvalhoVSSantosARibeiroMT,et al.Please, do not interrupt me: work-family balance and segmentation behavior as mediators of boundary violations and teleworkers’ burnout and flourishing. Sustainability (Switzerland)2021; 13: 1–15.
48.
DurandACBompardCSportielloJ, et al.Stress and burnout among professionals working in the emergency department in a French university hospital: prevalence and associated factors. Work2019; 63: 57–67.
49.
DoghmiNMassouSBalkhiH, et al.Le burn out, conséquences et solutions : enquête chez les personnels d’anesthésie-réanimation de quatre hôpitaux universitaires marocains. Ann Med Psychol (Paris)2013; 171: 700–704.
50.
DoppiaMAEstryn-BéharMFryC, et al.Enquête comparative sur le syndrome d’épuisement professionnel chez les anesthésistes réanimateurs et les autres praticiens des hôpitaux publics en France (enquête SESMAT). Ann Fr Anesth Reanim2011; 30: 782–794.
