Theories of Prejudice Development

Aboud F. (1988). Children and prejudice. Basil Blackwell.

Aboud F. (2008). A social-cognitive developmental theory of prejudice. In Quintana S. M. McKown C. (Eds.), Handbook of race, racism, and the developing children (pp. 55–71). John Wiley.

Allport G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Addison-Wesley.

Bandura A. (1977). Social learning theory. Prentice-Hall.

Cross W. E. (1985). Black identity: Rediscovering the distinction between personal identity and reference group orientation. In Spencer M. B. Brookins G. K. Allen W. R. (Eds.), Beginnings: The social and affective development of Black children (pp. 155–183). Lawrence Erlbaum.

Davey A. G. (1983). Learning to be prejudiced: Growing up in multi-ethnic Britain. E. Arnold.

Flavell J. H. (1977). Cognitive development. Prentice-Hall.

Glasberg R. Aboud F. E. (1981). A developmental perspective on the study of depression: Children’s evaluative reactions to sadness. Developmental Psychology, 17, 195–202.

Gottfried A. W. Gottfried A. E. (1974). Influence of social power vs. status envy modeled behaviors on children’s preferences for models. Psychological Reports, 34, 1147–1150.

Hoyo A. Rueda M.R. Rodríguez-Bailón R. (2019). Children’s individual differences in executive function and theory of mind in relation to prejudice toward social minorities. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02293

Jackson L. M. (2020). The psychology of prejudice: From attitudes to social action (2nd ed.) American Psychological Association.

Johnson P. J. Aboud F. E. (2012). Modifying ethnic attitudes in young children: The impact of communicator race and message strength. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 37(3), 182–191.

Johnson P. J. Aboud F. E. (2017). Evaluation of an intervention using cross-race friend storybooks to reduce prejudice among majority race young children. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 40, 110–122.

Katz P. A. (1987). Development and social processes in ethnic attitudes and self-identification. In Phinney J. S. Rotheram M. J. (Eds.), Children’s ethnic socialization (pp. 92–99). SAGE.

Kohlberg L. (1976), Moral stages and moralization: The cognitive-developmental approach. In Lickona T. (Ed.), Moral development and behavior: Theory, research and social issues (pp. 31–53). Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

Mandalaywala T. M. Tai C. Rhodes M. (2020) Children’s use of race and gender as cues to social status. PLoS ONE 15(6), Article e0234398. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234398

Newheiser A. K. Olson K. R. (2012). White and Black American children’s implicit intergroup bias. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48(1), 264–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2011.08.011

Raabe T. Beelmann A. (2011). Development of ethnic, racial, and national prejudice in childhood and adolescence: A multinational meta-analysis of age differences. Child Development, 82, 1715–1737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01668.x

Rotheram M. J. Phinney J. S. (1987). Introduction: Definitions and perspectives in the study of children’s ethnic socialization. In Phinney J. S. Rotheram M. J. (Eds.), Children’s ethnic socialization: Pluralism and development (pp. 10–31). SAGE.

Zajonc R. B. (1998). Emotions. In Gilbert D. T. Fiske S. T. Lindzey G. (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (4th ed., pp. 591–634). McGraw-Hill.