This article examines the dominance of media-effects studies in communications scholarship and compares the study of communications with the study of simulations and games. The author draws parallels between the two fields of study and discusses the future research agenda for the study of simulations and games.
BALANCE OF POWER. Crawford, C. (1986). Redmond, WA: Microsoft (One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA; or www.microsoft.com).
2.
Baudrillard, J.
(1984). Symbolic exchange and death. In M. Poster (Ed.), Selected writings (pp. 119-149). Cambridge, UK: Polity.
3.
Beniger, J. R.
(1988). Information and communication: The new convergence. Communication Research, 15(2), 198-218.
4.
Beniger, J. R.
(1990). Who are the most important theorists of communication?Communication Research, 17(5), 698-715.
5.
CIVILIZATION. Meier, S. (with Shelley, B.). (1996). Alameda, CA: Micro Prose USA (2490 Mariner Square Loop, Alameda, CA 94501, USA; or www.microprose.com).
6.
Craig, R. T.
(1999). Communication theory as a field. Communication Theory, 9(2), 119-161.
7.
Csikszentmihalyi, M.
(1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York: Harper & Row.
8.
Gonzales, H.
(1988). The evolution of communication as a field. Communication Research, 15(3), 302-308.
9.
Handelman, D.
(1990). Models and mirrors: Towards an anthropology of public events. New York: Cambridge University Press.
10.
11.
Maturana, H., & Varela, F. J. (1980). Autopoiesis and cognition: The realization of the living. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Reidel.
12.
McQuail, D.
(1994). Mass communication theory(3rd ed.). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
13.
Muir, S. P.
(1996). Simulations for elementary and primary school social studies: An annotated bibliography. Simulation & Gaming: An International Journal, 27(1), 41-73.
14.
Myers, D.
(1999). Simulation as play: A semiotic analysis. Simulation & Gaming: An International Journal, 30(2), 147-162.
15.
Potter, W. J.
, Cooper, R.,& Dupagne, M. (1993). The three paradigms of mass media research in mainstream communication journals. Communication Theory, 3, 317-335.
16.
Potter, W. J.
, Cooper, R., & Dupagne, M. (1995). Is media research prescientific? A reply to Sparks’s critique. Communication Theory, 5, 280-286.
17.
SIMCITY. Wright, W. (1989). Orinda, CA: Maxis (2 Theatre Square, Suite 230, Orinda, CA 94563, USA; or www.simcity.com).
18.
SIMEARTH. Wright, W. (1990). Orinda, CA: Maxis (2 Theatre Square, Suite 230, Orinda, CA 94563, USA; or www.simcity.com).
19.
Spariosu, M.
(1989). Dionysus reborn: Play and the aesthetic dimension in modern philosophical and scientific discourse. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
20.
Sutton-Smith, B.
(1998). The ambiguity of play. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
21.
Wolfe, J.
, & Crookall, D. (1998). Developing a scientific knowledge of simulation/gaming. Simulation & Gaming: An International Journal, 29(1), 7-19.