A Mathematical Law for Assessing Outcome Values of Games

Abstract

Background

The predominate outcomes of many computerized simulation games, particularly business games, are numeric values, for example, financial statements, as determined by the game algorithm. Numerous types of algorithms have been put forth. Attending these algorithms are issues of their validity; numerous approaches to validation also having been put forth.

Aim

This research presents a type of digital analysis, Benford’s Law, as a basis for assessing the validity of simulation game numeric outcome values, that is, algorithmic validity.

Method

To illustrate the application of Benford’s Law, it was applied to income statement items from a business game competition. The first digits and second digits, respectively, of numeric outcome values were analyzed.

Results

Both the first digits and the second digits conform closely to Benford’s Law. Less conforming outcomes were those of assigned values to which Benford’s Law does not apply.

Conclusion

Benford’s Law is conceptually and practically appropriate for assessing simulation game numeric outcome values. An example of its application demonstrates this appropriateness.