Perovskite PZT and PLZT ceramics have been hot- forged to densification > 98 % of their theoretical values. The piezoelectric d33 coefficient in the PLZT dense ceramics exceeds 650 pC/N compared to 550 pC/N for conventionally sintered ceramics. In addition, the microstructure in these samples is much improved, and a substantial amount of grain orientation is observed. This combination of properties results in a substantial increase in fatigue life, and we expect the hot-forging technique to extend the fatigue life to over 109 cycles.
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