Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online 1999-07
From Nurse to Nurse Anesthetist: The Relationship of Culture,Race,and Ethnicity to Professional Socialization and Career Commitment of Advanced Practice Nurses
The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of culture, race, and ethnicity on professional socialization and career commitment of student registered nurse anesthetists. A 78-item, self-administered questionnaire was mailed to the United States population of student nurse anesthetists ( N = 2,008) yielding a 56% response. Demographic data and the dimensions of socialization were analyzed with chi-square and weighted least-squares linear analysis of variance. Four scales assessed the relationship of age, gender, culture/race/ethnicity, and views of culturally congruent care on the socialization process. In all dimensions of socialization, culture and race/ethnicity both correlated significantly (p < .05) for all nondominant groups compared to the dominant European American White group. Responses from Asian-Pacific Islanders were most positively correlated to all dimensions of socialization. Hispanics responded least positively to a lifetime commitment to the career in nurse anesthesia by culture (p = .003) and ethnicity (p = .009).
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Aaronson, L. S. (1989). A challenge for nursing: Reviewing a historic competition. Nursing Outlook, 37(6), 274-279.
2.
American Association of Nurse Anesthetists (AANA) . (1997). Nurse anesthetists: Providing anesthesia into the next century. Park Ridge, IL: Author.
3.
Beaver, W. (1996). Academe, 82(3), 37-39.
4.
Clark, M. (1984). Community nursing: Health care for today and tomorrow. Reston, VA: Reston.
5.
Cohen, H. A. (1981). The nurse’s quest for a professional identity. Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley.
6.
Davidhizar, R. , Dowd, S. B., & Giger, J. N. (1998). Educating the culturally diverse healthcare student. Nurse Educator, 23(2), 38-42.
7.
Dodds, A. E. , Lawrence, J. A., & Wearing, A. J. (1991). What makes nursing satisfying: A comparison of college students’ and registered nurses’ views. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 16(6), 741-753.
8.
Donahue, H. P. (1985). Nursing: The finest art, an illustrated history. St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
9.
du Toit, D. (1995). A sociological analysis of the extent and influence of professional socialization on the development of a nursing identity among nursing students at two universities in Brisbane, Australia. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 21(1), 164-171.
10.
Ferrell, J. (1988). Education: The changing world of candidates for nursing. Journal of Professional Nursing, 4(3), 145-153.
11.
Gose, B. (1995). Test scores and stereotypes. Chronicle of Higher Education, XLI(49), A31.
12.
Guttman, L. (1950). The basis for scalogram analysis. In S. A. Stouffer (Ed.), Measurement and prediction (pp. 60-90). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
13.
Holtz, C. , & Wilson, C. (1992). The culturally diverse student: A model for empowerment. Nurse Educator, 17(6), 28-31.
14.
Horton, B. J. (1998). Nurse anesthesia as a subculture of nursing. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Rush University, Chicago.
15.
Horton, B. J. , & Waugaman, W. R. (1996). Nurse anesthesia and multiculturalism. Advanced Practice Nursing Quarterly, 2(2), 23-30.
16.
Kozier, B. , Erb, G., & Blais, K. (1995). Introduction to nursing. Fundamentals of nursing: Concept, process and practice (5th ed.). Redwood City, CA: Addison-Wesley.
17.
Leininger, M. M. (1987). Importance and uses of ethnomethods: Ethnography and ethnonursing research. In M. Cahoon (Ed.), Recent advances in nursing (Vol. 17, pp. 23-25). London: Churchill-Livingston.
18.
Leininger, M. M. (Ed.). (1991). Culture care diversity & universality: A theory of nursing (pp. 355-367). New York: National League for Nursing Press.
19.
Leininger, M. M. (1994). The tribes of nursing in the United States. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 6(1), 18-22.
20.
Leininger, M. M. (Ed.). (1995). Transcultural nursing: Concepts, theories, research, & practices (2nd ed., pp. 57-84, 183-244), New York: McGraw-Hill.
21.
MacGregor, F. C. (1960). Social science nursing. New York: John Wiley.
22.
McLeon, R. G. (1998, September 5). State becoming a fiminority majority. San Francisco Chronicle, pp. A17, A19.
23.
Olesen, V. L. , & Whittaker, E. W. (1968). The silent dialogue: A study in the social psychology of professional socialization. San Francisco: JosseyBass.
24.
Phinney, J. S.Lochner, B. T. , & Murphy, R. (1990). Ethnic identify development and psychological adjustment in adolescence. In A. R. Stiffman & L. E. Davis (Eds.), Ethnic issues in adolescent mental health. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
25.
Schlotfeldt, R. M. (1987, July). Structuring nursing knowledge: A priority for creating nursing’s future. Nursing Science Quarterly, 35-38.
26.
Schoen, D. C. (1992). Nurses’ attitudes toward control over nursing practice. Nursing Forum, 27(1), 27-34.
27.
Shervington, D. O. , Bland, I. J., & Myers, A. (1996). Ethnicity, gender identity, stress, and coping among female African-American medical students. Journal of the American Women’s Medical Association, 51(4), 153-154.
28.
Simpson, I. H. (1979). From student to nurse (pp. 3-326). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
29.
Spector, R. E. (1996). Cultural diversity in health & illness (4th ed., pp. 3-44, 63-112, 169-188). Stamford, CT: Appleton & Lange.
30.
Stasiak, D. (1991). Culture care theory with Mexican-Americans in an urban context. In M. Leininger (Ed.), Culture care diversity and universality: A theory of nursing (pp. 179-201). New York: National League for Nursing Press.
31.
U.S. Bureau of the Census . (1996). Population Projections of the United States by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1995-2050 (Current Population Reports, P25-1130, pp. 4-17). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
32.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bureau of Health Professions . (1996). The registered nurse population. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
33.
Waugaman, W. R. (1983). From nurse to nurse anesthetist: Effects of professional socialization on career commitment (Doctoral dissertation, University of Pittsburgh, 1981). Dissertation Abstracts International, 43(9).
34.
Waugaman, W. R. (1988). From nurse to nurse anesthetist. In W. R. Wugaman, B. M. Rigor, L. E. Katz, H. M. Bradshaw, & J. F. Garde (Eds.), Principles and practice of nurse anesthesia (pp. 3-5). Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange.
35.
Wear, D. (1997). Professional development of medical students: Problems and promises. Academic Medicine, 72(12), 1056-1062.
36.
Wuest, J. (1993). Removing the shackles: A feminist critique of noncompliance. Nursing Outlook, 41, 217-224.
