There is increasing evidence that work—life imbalance has a direct impact on societal issues, such as delayed parenting, declining fertility rates, ageing populations, and decreasing labour supply. It is documented that work—life balance policies are beneficial for individuals, their families, organisations, and society. However, other evidence demonstrates that the associated benefits are not always realised and work—life balance policies can result in reinforced gender inequities and increased levels of work—life conflict. This paper reviews the ability of work—life balance policies to actually influence some key social and organisational issues. Current developments, such as an increased casual workforce and the impact of changes in newly industrialised nations, are discussed. Recommendations for work—life balance to be addressed via a comprehensive multilevel approach are made.
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