Management thought has always been concerned with human diversity. However, the challenges managers face in this area have varied over time. Classical management theory used bureaucratic policies to unify diverse groups around common organisational goals. However, class divisions provoked new, separated industrial relations structures. Now, cultural diversity is promoting new adaptations in management. Future research on the different reactions of diverse organisational and identity groups can focus attention on ways to develop the cosmopolitan tolerance needed to manage our culturally fractured world.
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