The purpose of this study was to clarify the association between dietary patterns and cognitive function in a community-dwelling population in Japan. A total of 388 volunteers (60 years and older) who participated in the Iwaki Health Promotion Project 2011 were recruited. Diet was assessed with a validated, self-administered brief-type diet history questionnaire. Dietary patterns were extracted from 52 predefined food groups by principal component analysis. The Mini-Mental State Examination was also used to measure global cognitive status. Three dietary patterns were identified as follows: “Healthy,” “Noodle,” and “Alcohol and accompaniment.” Compared with the low tertile of the “Alcohol and accompaniment” pattern, only the middle tertile was independently related to an increased risk of poor cognitive function. In conclusions, present study failed to substantiate dose-dependent associations between dietary patterns and the risk of poor cognitive function. Further studies with longitudinal observations are warranted.
Health and Welfare Statistics Association. Kosei no Shihyo. J Health Welfare Stat. 2005;49:34-78.
2.
Wada-IsoeKUemuraYNakashitaS. Prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in the rural island town of Ama-cho, Japan. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra. 2012;2:190-199.
3.
GillTMRichardsonEDTinettiME.Evaluating the risk of dependence in activities of daily living among community-living older adults with mild to moderate cognitive impairment. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1995;50:235-241.
4.
WeilerPGLubbenJEChiI. Cognitive impairment and hospital use. Am J Public Health. 1991;81:1153-1157.
5.
LiuIYLaCroixAZWhiteLRKittnerSJWolfPA. Cognitive impairment and mortality: a study of possible confounders. Am J Epidemiol. 1990;132:136-143.
6.
GrayGE. Nutrition and dementia. J Am Diet Assoc. 1989;89:1795-1802.
7.
RosenbergIHMillerJW. Nutritional factors in physical and cognitive functions of elderly people. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;55(6 suppl):1237S-1243S.
8.
RamanGTatsioniAChungM. Heterogeneity and lack of good quality studies limit association between folate, vitamins B-6 and B-12, and cognitive function. J Nutr. 2007;137:1789-1794.
9.
HarrisonFE. A critical review of vitamin C for the prevention of age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2012;29:711-726.
10.
DickensAPLangIALangaKMKosKLlewellynDJ. Vitamin D, cognitive dysfunction and dementia in older adults. CNS Drugs. 2011;25:629-639.
11.
JoshiYBPraticòD. Vitamin E in aging, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease. Biofactors. 2012;38:90-97.
12.
SolfrizziVFrisardiVCapursoC. Dietary fatty acids in dementia and predementia syndromes: epidemiological evidence and possible underlying mechanisms. Ageing Res Rev. 2010;9:184-199.
Barberger-GateauPRaffaitinCLetenneurL. Dietary patterns and risk of dementia: the Three-City cohort study. Neurology. 2007;69:1921-1930.
15.
SamieriCJutandMAFéartCCapuronLLetenneurLBarberger-GateauP. Dietary patterns derived by hybrid clustering method in older people: association with cognition, mood, and self-rated health. J Am Diet Assoc. 2008;108:1461-1471.
16.
GuYScarmeasN. Dietary patterns in Alzheimer’s disease and cognitive aging. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2011;8:510-519.
17.
AkbaralyTNSingh-ManouxAMarmotMGBrunnerEJ. Education attenuates the association between dietary patterns and cognition. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2009;27:147-154.
18.
TangneyCCKwasnyMJLiHWilsonRSEvansDAMorrisMC. Adherence to a Mediterranean-type dietary pattern and cognitive decline in a community population. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;93:601-617.
19.
HolsingerTDeveauJBoustaniMWilliamsJWJr.Does this patient have dementia?JAMA. 2007;297:2391-2404.
20.
FolsteinMFFolsteinSEMcHughPR. “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12:189-198.
21.
KobayashiSMurakamiKSasakiS. Comparison of relative validity of food group intakes estimated by comprehensive and brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaires against 16 d dietary records in Japanese adults. Public Health Nutr. 2011;14:1200-1211.
22.
Science and Technology Agency Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan: Fatty Acid Section [in Japanese]. 5th revised enlarged ed. Tokyo, Japan: Printing Bureau of the Ministry of Finance; 2005.
23.
Science and Technology Agency Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan [in Japanese]. 5th revised ed. Tokyo, Japan: Printing Bureau of the Ministry of Finance; 2005.
24.
KobayashiSHondaSMurakamiK. Both comprehensive and brief self-administered diet history questionnaires satisfactorily rank nutrient intakes in Japanese adults. J Epidemiol. 2012;22:151-159.
25.
VenablesWNSmithDM, the R Development Core Team. An Introduction to R, Notes on R: A Programming Environment for Data Analysis and Graphics. Version 2.10.1. Vienna, Austria: R Development Core Team; 2009.
26.
Gustaw-RothenbergK. Dietary patterns associated with Alzheimer’s disease: population based study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2009;6:1335-1340.
27.
TorresSJLautenschlagerNTWattanapenpaiboonN. Dietary patterns are associated with cognition among older people with mild cognitive impairment. Nutrients. 2012;4:1542-1551.
28.
ScarmeasNSternYTangMXMayeuxRLuchsingerJA. Mediterranean diet and risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Ann Neurol. 2006;59:912-921.
29.
LinYKikuchiSTamakoshiA. Alcohol consumption and mortality among middle-aged and elderly Japanese men and women. Ann Epidemiol. 2005;15:590-597.
30.
CharreireHKesse-GuyotEBertraisS. Associations between dietary patterns, physical activity (leisure-time and occupational) and television viewing in middle-aged French adults. Br J Nutr. 2011;105:902-910.
