This study was conducted to know Indonesia sustainable tourism resilience in the COVID-19 era. The research was done through a qualitative approach then analyzed based on the sentiment analysis and tourism resilience theory. The data used on this study are review data related to five super-priority tourism destinations in Indonesia, which are Borobudur Temple, Lake Toba, Labuan Bajo, Mandalika and Likupang since January 2020 to March 2021 from TripAdvisor. The result of this study shows that Indonesia sustainable tourism resilience during the pandemic COVID-19 era does not have strong enough resilience in facing the unstable recessions conditions and following new tourism trends that have emerged in the pandemic era or after the pandemic ends. This study provides two recommendations to overcome those problems: (a) Indonesia needs to develop local tourism activities based on the e-tourism concept and (b) the tourism activity must integrate with digitalization and local wisdom to create local common branding in the destination.
AbbasJ., MubeenR., IoremberP. T., RazaS., & MamirkulovaG. (2021). Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on tourism: Transformational potential and implications for a sustainable recovery of the travel and leisure industry. Current Research in Behavioral Sciences, 2, 100033. 10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100033
2.
AssafA., & ScuderiR. (2020). COVID-19 and the recovery of the tourism industry. Tourism Economics, 26(5), 731–733. 10.1177/1354816620933712
3.
AzwarA., FadillahA., & ManullangS. (2020). Desain Pelabuhan Wisata untuk Menunjang Pariwisata Danau Toba. Zona Laut, I(3), 99–106.
4.
BaeS. Y., & ChangP. J. (2021). The effect of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) risk perception on behavioural intention towards ‘untact’ tourism in South Korea during the first wave of the pandemic (March 2020). Current Issues in Tourism, 24(7), 1017–1035. 10.1080/13683500.2020.1798895
5.
BaldwinR., & WederB. (2020). Mitigating the COVID economic crisis: Act fast and do whatever it takes. CEPR Press. https://voxeu.org/content/mitigating-covid-economic-crisis-act-fast-and-do-whatever-it-takes
6.
BandurA. (2016). Penelitian Kualitatif: Metodologi, Desain, dan Teknik Analisis Data Dengan Nvivo 11 Plus[Qualitative Research: Methodology, Desing, and Data Analysis technique using Nvivo 11 Plus] (1st ed.). Mitra Wacana Media.
BhattaraiG., & SubediB. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on FDIs, remittances and foreign aids: A case study of Nepal. Millennial Asia, 12(2), 145–161. 10.1177/0976399620974202
9.
CaradaM. C. D. L. (2019). The role of ecotourism in resilience building in disaster vulnerable communities in the Philippines. Doshisha University.
10.
ChinC.-H., LoM.-C., SonganP., & NairV. (2014). Rural tourism destination competitiveness: A study on Annah Rais Longhouse Homestay, Sarawak. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 144, 35–44. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.271
11.
ChinazziM., DavisJ. T., AjelliM., GioanniniC., LitvinovaM., MerlerS., Pastore y PionttiA., MuK., RossiL., SunK., ViboudC., XiongX., YuH., Elizabeth HalloranM., LonginiI. M., & VespignaniA. (2020). The effect of travel restrictions on the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. Science, 368(6489), 395–400. 10.1126/science.aba9757
12.
ChotijahS. (2021). Relasi Media Mandalika Sebagai Destinasi Superprioritas Dalam Pemberitaan Kesiapan Pelaksanaan Event MotoGP 2021 [Mandalika Media Relation as Superpriority Destination in Reporting Moto GP2021 Event Readiness]. Journal of Media and Communication Science, 4(1), 14. 10.29303/jcommsci.v4i1.126
13.
DewiL. (2020). Resilience ecotourism in Papua amid Covid 19 pandemic. E-Journal of Tourism, 7(2), 250. 10.24922/eot.v7i2.61831
14.
Euronews, & Globetrender. (2020, October). Travel after 2020: What will tourism look like in our new reality. https://static.euronews.com/website/pdf/euronews-trend-report-travel-after-Oct-2020.pdf
15.
FalatoonitoosiE., SchafferV., & KerrD. (2021). Does sustainable tourism development enhance destination prosperity?Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 46(5), 1056–1082. 10.1177/1096348020988328
16.
FilimonauV., & De CoteauD. (2020). Tourism resilience in the context of integrated destination and disaster, management (DM2). International Journal of Tourism Research, 22(2), 202–222. 10.1002/jtr.2329
17.
GegungE. M. (2021). International tourism and the Covid-19 pandemic: The use of virtual reality to increase tourism destination sustainability and how users perceive the authenticity of VR experiences. Jurnal Kepariwisataan Indonesia, 15(1), 9–15.
18.
GretzelU., FuchsM., BaggioR., HoepkenW., LawR., NeidhardtJ., PesonenJ., ZankerM., & XiangZ. (2020). e-Tourism beyond COVID-19: A call for transformative research. Information Technology and Tourism, 22(2), 187–203. 10.1007/s40558-020-00181-3
19.
HanS., & AndersonC. K. (2021). Web scraping for hospitality research: Overview, opportunities, and implications. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 62(1), 89–104. 10.1177/1938965520973587
20.
HartonoD., YusufA. A., HastutiS. H., SaputriN. K., & SyaifudinN. (2021). Effect of COVID-19 on energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in Indonesia. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 28, 391–404. 10.1016/j.spc.2021.06.003
21.
HassanS. S. (2000). Determinants of market competitiveness in an environmentally sustainable tourism industry. Journal of Travel Research, 38(3), 239–245. 10.1177/004728750003800305
22.
HidayatM., LatiefF., BahasoanS., WidiawatiA., & NiantyD. A. (2020). Factors influencing resilience of micro small and medium, entrepreneur (MSME) during COVID 19 outbreak in South Sulawesi Province Indonesia. TEST Engineering & Management, 2020, 26707–26721.
23.
Higgins-DesbiollesF. (2020). Socialising tourism for social and ecological justice after COVID-19. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 610–623. 10.1080/14616688.2020.1757748
24.
IacusS. M., NataleF., SantamariaC., SpyratosS., & VespeM. (2020). Estimating and projecting air passenger traffic during the COVID-19 coronavirus outbreak and its socio-economic impact. Safety Science, 129, 104791. 10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104791
25.
IhsanY. N., PurbaN. P., FaizalI., AnyaA., MulyaniP. G., & AnwarS. K. (2022). Impact of the pandemic Covid-19 to the Indonesia seas. Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites, 40(1), 30–36. 10.30892/gtg.40103-799
26.
JacksonR., DrummondD. K., & CamaraS. (2007). What is qualitative research?Qualitative Research Reports in Communication. 10.1080/17459430701617879
27.
KongW. H., du CrosH., & OngC. E. (2015). Tourism destination image development: A lesson from Macau. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 1(4), 299–316. 10.1108/IJTC-08-2014-0016
28.
KusumaI. D. G. (2020). Wacana Pariwisata Bali Dalam Pusaran Pandemi Covid-19 [Bali Tourism Discourse During Covid-9 Pandemic]. Jurnal Ilmiah Cakrawarti, 3(2), 40–47. 10.47532/jic.v3i2.199
29.
Liu-LastresB., MariskaD., TanX., & YingT. (2020). Can post-disaster tourism development improve destination livelihoods? A case study of Aceh, Indonesia. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 18, 100510. 10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100510
30.
MaZ. F., ZhangY., LuoX., LiX., LiY., LiuS., & ZhangY. (2020). Increased stressful impact among general population in mainland China amid the COVID-19 pandemic: A nationwide cross-sectional study conducted after Wuhan city’s travel ban was lifted. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(8), 770–779. 10.1177/0020764020935489
31.
Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy. (2021). Infografis: 5 Destinasi Pariwisata Super Prioritas [Inforgraphic: 5 Super-Priority Destinations]. Kemenparekraf.Co.Id. https://www.kemenparekraf.go.id/rumah-difabel/Infografik%3A-5-Destinasi-Super-Prioritas
32.
MishraP. K., & MishraS. K. (2020). Corona pandemic and stock market behaviour: Empirical insights from selected Asian countries. Millennial Asia, 11(3), 341–365. 10.1177/0976399620952354
MutiarinD., UtamiS., & DamanikJ. (2021). New normal policy: Promosi Kebijakan Pariwisata Dalam Rangka Percepatan Penanganan Dampak Covid-19 [New normal policy: Accelerate Promotion of Tourism Policy to reduce COVID-19 Impact]. Jurnal Kepariwisataan: Destinasi, Hospitalitas Dan Perjalanan, 5(1), 20–33. 10.34013/jk.v5i1.277
35.
NeirottiP., RaguseoE., & PaolucciE. (2016). Are customers’ reviews creating value in the hospitality industry? Exploring the moderating effects of market positioning. International Journal of Information Management, 1133–1143. 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2016.02.010
36.
NestoroskaI. (2012). Identifying tourism potentials in Republic of Macedonia through regional approach. Procedia—Social and Behavioral Sciences, 44, 95–103. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.05.009
37.
NingrumR. F., & KuswardaniD. (2017). Perancangan Multimedia Pengenalan Objek Wisata Di Daerah Sumatera Barat [Multimedia Design to Introduce Tourism Site in West Sumatera]. Jurnal Fromat, 7(1), 1–10.
38.
OktavianiD., & SutisnaD. (2021). An analytical study of the readiness of eco-tourism based transactions in the Mount Putri Bandung (Indonesia) tourism area. Review of International Geographical Education Online, 11(3), 229–234. 10.33403/rigeo.800487
39.
PranatasariF. D., & DivaM. A. (2020). Analisis Perbedaan Persepsi Brand Equity Destinasi Wisata Borobudur pada Generasi X, Y, dan Z [Analysis of Difference in Borobur Tourism Brand Equity Perception on X, Y, and Z Generations]. Parsimonia, 7(1), 68–79.
40.
PurbaJ. H. V., FathiahR., & StevenS. (2021). The impact of Covid-19 pandemic on the tourism sector in Indonesia. Riset, 3(1), 389–401. 10.37641/riset.v3i1.82
41.
PutuN., AyuL., AstawaI. P., & MudanaI. G. (2021). Hotel strategy in facing the Covid-19 pandemic (The Westin Resort Nusa Dua Experience). International Journal of Glocal Tourism, 2(1), 28–39.
42.
RachmatA., & LukitoY. (2016). SENTIPOL: Dataset Sentimen Komentar Pada Kampanye PEMILU Presiden Indonesia 2014 dari Facebook Page. Konferensi Nasional Teknologi Informasi Dan Komunikasi 2017 [SENTIPOL: Sentiment Dataset Comments on Indonesia Presidential Election Campaign in 2014 from Facebook Page], December, 218–228. http://www.seminar-id.com/flyer-709-konferensi-nasional-teknologi-informasi-dan-komputer-komik-2018.html
43.
SariS. R., HilmyM. F., WerdiningsihH., & HendroE. P. (2021). The development of historic tourism strategies based on millennial preferences: A case study of Semarang old city, Semarang, Indonesia. Millennial Asia, 1–16. 10.1177/09763996211003397
44.
SarosaS. (2012). Penelitian Kualitatif: Dasar-Dasar [Basics of Qualitative Research]. PT. Indeks.
45.
SatriaD., & ErlandoA. (2018). Ekonomi festival (1st ed.). UB Press.
46.
SauraJ. R., Reyes-MenendezA., & Alvarez-AlonsoC. (2018). Do online comments affect environmental management? Identifying factors related to environmental management and sustainability of hotels. Sustainability, 10(9), 1–20. 10.3390/su10093016
47.
SharmaG. D., ThomasA., & PaulJ. (2021). Reviving tourism industry post-COVID-19: A resilience-based framework. Tourism Management Perspectives, 37, 100786. 10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100786
48.
SharpleyR. (2021). On the need for sustainable tourism consumption. Tourist Studies, 21(1), 96–107. 10.1177/1468797620986087
49.
SobaihA. E. E., ElshaerI., HasaneinA. M., & AbdelazizA. S. (2021). Responses to COVID-19: The role of performance in the relationship between small hospitality enterprises’ resilience and sustainable tourism development. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 94, 102824. 10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102824
50.
SowmyaR., & SuneethaK. R. (2017). Data mining with big data. Proceedings of 2017 11th International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control, ISCO 2017, 26(1), 246–250. 10.1109/ISCO.2017.7855990
51.
SpenceleyA., McCoolS., NewsomeD., BáezA., BarborakJ. R., BlyeC. J., BrickerK., CahyadiH. S., CorriganK., HalpennyE., HvenegaardG., KingD. M., LeungY. F., MandićA., NaidooR., RüedeD., SanoJ., SarhanM., SantamariaV., … ZschiegnerA. K. (2021). Tourism in protected and conserved areas amid the covid-19 pandemic. Parks, 27(Special Issue), 103–118. 10.2305/IUCN.CH.2021.PARKS-27-SIAS.en
52.
StankovU., FilimonauV., & VujičićM. D. (2020). A mindful shift: An opportunity for mindfulness-driven tourism in a post-pandemic world. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 703–712. 10.1080/14616688.2020.1768432
53.
Sugiyono. (2020). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D [Quantitative, Qualitative, and R&D Research Methods] (2nd ed.). Penerbit Alfabeta.
54.
SunaryoB. (2013). Kebijakan Pembangunan Destinasi Pariwisata: Konsep dan Aplikasinya di Indonesia[Tourism Destination Development Policy: Concept and Implementations in Indonesia] (1st ed.). Gava Media.
55.
The Economist. (2017). The sustainable tourism index: Enhancing the global travel environment. https://impact.economist.com/perspectives/sites/default/files/Sustainable_Tourism_Index.pdf
56.
TsaurS. H., LinY. C., & LinJ. H. (2006). Evaluating ecotourism sustainability from the integrated perspective of resource, community and tourism. Tourism Management, 27(4), 640–653. 10.1016/j.tourman.2005.02.006
57.
TsoukasH. (2020). Leadership, the American academy of management, and president Trump’s travel ban: A case study in moral imagination. Journal of Business Ethics, 163(1), 0. 10.1007/s10551-018-3979-y
58.
President of Republic Indonesia. (2009). Republic Indonesia Constitution Number 10 in 2019 about Tourism.
59.
UNWTO. (2021). Tourism news 2020: Worst year in tourism history with 1 Billion. United Nation World Tourism Organization, 2021, 1–2. https://www.unwto.org/news/2020-worst-year-in-tourism-history-with-1-billion-fewer-international-arrivals
60.
WachyuniS. S., & KusumaningrumD. A. (2020). The effect of COVID-19 pandemic: How are the future tourist behavior?Journal of Education, Society and Behavioural Science, 33(4), 67–76. 10.9734/jesbs/2020/v33i430219
61.
WasslerP., & FanD. X. F. (2021). A tale of four futures: Tourism academia and COVID-19. Tourism Management Perspectives, 38, 100818. 10.1016/j.tmp.2021.100818
62.
WibowoJ. M. (2020). Lockdown generation: Pengangguran di Masa COVID-19 [Lockdown Generation: Unemploment during COVID-19]. https://kependudukan.lipi.go.id/mencatatcovid19/lockdown-generation-pengangguran-di-masa-covid-19/
63.
WibowoJ. M., MuljaningsihS., & SatriaD. (2019). Tripadvisor sentiment analysis: The policy of ecotourism competitiveness from bromo, tengger, and semeru national park. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 20(5), 18–24. https://www.ijbel.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/IJBEL20_208.pdf
64.
World Health Organization. (2019). The travel and tourism competitiveness report 2019. World Economic Forum. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_TTCR_2019.pdf
65.
World Health Organization. (2020). Coronavirus. https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1
66.
XiangZ., DuQ., MaY., & FanW. (2017). A comparative analysis of major online review platforms: Implications for social media analytics in hospitality and tourism. Tourism Management, 58, 51–65. 10.1016/j.tourman.2016.10.001
67.
YaminM., DarmawanA., & RosyadiS. (2021). Analysis of Indonesian tourism potentials through the sustainable tourism perspective in the new normal Era. Jurnal Hubungan Internasional, 10(1), 44–58. 10.18196/jhi.v10i1.10500
68.
YeQ., ZhangZ., & LawR. (2009). Sentiment classification of online reviews to travel destinations by supervised machine learning approaches. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(3 Part 2), 6527–6535. 10.1016/j.eswa.2008.07.035
