The Gulf Cooperation Council: United Thoughts and Equal Hopes

Birks J.S. , “The Demographic Challenge in the Arab Gulf” in Pridham B.R. (ed.) The Arab Gulf and the Arab World, Croom Helm, London (U.K.), 1988, p. 139.

Christie John , “History and Development of the Gulf Cooperation Council: a Brief Overview”, in Sandwick John A. (ed.), The Gulf Cooperation Council: Moderation and Stability in an Interdependent World, Westview Press, Boulder (U.S.A.), 1987, p. 9.

Charter of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf, Article 22.

Ibid; Preamble.

Ibid; Article 4.

The Chiefs of Staff of the GCC countries held their first meeting on September 20, 1981 in Riyadh during which many of the specifics of greater coordination were hammered out. Subsequently, the GCC Defence Ministers held their first meeting on January 25, 1982 in Riyadh. A collective defence strategy was fashioned and $ 30.6 billion was collected for a combined defence expenditure for the remainder of 1982. It was agreed in principle to establish a joint command structure, to confer GCC wide responsibilities. The distinct sets of actions were agreed to in pursuit of common military goals: (i) a coordinated arms procurement policy, (ii) the development of a GCC military industry and (iii) an improved autonomous capacity for military training.

FBIS-MEA, 27 January 1982, London (U.K.), Guazzone Laura , “Gulf Cooperation Council: Security Policies”, Survival, London (U.K.), Vol. 30, No. 2, March-April 1988, p. 141.

Unified Economic Agreement of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf..

Ibid; Chapter 3, Articles 10 & 13. The above two articles speak of economic integration but the form has not been discussed.

Ibid; Chapter 1, Article 4 (3).

Ibid; Chapter 2, Article 9.

Ibid; Chapter 3, Article 13.

Ibid; Chapters 3 & 6.

Ibid; Chapter 5, Article 19.

Bishara Abdullah Yacoub , “The Gulf Cooperation Council: Achievements and Challenges”, American-Arab Affairs, Washington D.C. (U.S.A.), No. 7, Winter 1983-84.

Reference 8, Chapter 7, Article 24.

Twinam Joseph Wright , “Reflection on Gulf Cooperation with Focus on Bahrain, Qatar and Oman”, in Sandwick John A. (ed.), The Gulf Cooperation Council: Moderation and Stability in an Interdependent World, Westview Press, Boulder (U.S.A.), 1987, p. 33, Text of Memorandums From the GCC on Food Security.

Bahrain's tariffs, which were higher, ranged from 5% to 20% except on cigarettes and liquor; Kuwait's minimum tariff was 4%; Saudi Arabia, Qatar, the UAE and Oman all had lower minimum tariffs.

Whittingham Ken , “GCC Summit Conference”, Middle East Executive Reports, London (U.K.), Vol. 6,. No. 11, November 1983, p. 18; Sandwick John A. , “The GCC: An Update”, Middle East Executive Reports, London (U.K.), Vol. 7, No. 4, April 1984, pp. 14 & 19; Whittingham Ken , “GCC Summit to Focus on Defence”, Middle East Executive Reports, London (U.K.), Vol. 7, No. 11, November 1984, p. 20.

Ministerial Resolution No. 12 (Ministry of Trade and Agriculture), Bahrain Official Gazette, No. 1643, 1985, Bahrain.

Decree Law No. 25 of 1982, Bahrain Official Gazette, No. 1518, 1982, Bahrain, Sultani Decree No. 2 of 1983, Oman Official Gazette, No. 256, 1983, Oman.

GIC Articles of Association..

Whittingham Ken , “Where is the GOIC Going ?” Middle East Executive Reports, London (U.K.), Vol. 5, No. 11, Nov. 1982, p. 5.

Whittingham Ken , “GCC: Focus on Joint Projects”, Middle East Executive Reports, London (U.K.), Vol. 8, No. 7, July 1985, p. 12.

Al-Ameri Abdul Kader B. “Interview, on the GCC”, American-Arab Affairs, Washington D.C. (U.S.A.) No.15, Winter 1985–86, pp. 71–74.

Angell Nicholas B. “Impact of the GCC on the Developing Legal Systems of the Gulf Countries”, in Sandwick John A. (ed.), The Gulf Cooperation Council: Moderation and Stability in an Interdependent World, Westview Press, Boulder (U.S.A.), 1987, p. 139.