The melting polar environment has amplified the strategic significance of the Arctic, transforming it into a theatre for both resource extraction and great power competition. Russia, India and China are increasingly seeking strategic partnerships and economic opportunities within this region. This article explores the evolving cooperation dynamics, opportunities and challenges for these three nations in Arctic energy development and logistics, specifically within the context of Western sanctions. The study identifies a developing cooperative paradigm driven by complementary resource and technology markets, despite obstacles such as technological bottlenecks and governance limitations. Data from 2024 indicate robust growth, with the Northern Sea Route (NSR) reaching a record cargo turnover of 37.9 million tonnes. The analysis concludes that although sanctions complicate logistics and payment mechanisms, they are unlikely to disrupt long-term bilateral and trilateral cooperation, given the strong market potential and political will among the three nations.
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